Pathophysiology OA Review Questions
with 100% Verified Correct Answers
2024/2025
What is diffusion ? - Correct Answer The process by which molecules passively spread from areas of
high concentration to areas of low concentration. Water and electrolytes diffuse from high
concentration to lower concentration until an equilibrium is reached
what are the signs and symptoms of retinal detachment ? - Correct Answer 1. hairnet like vision
(PRIORITY)
2. "curtain-like" half vision loss
3. FLOATERS and cobweb looking vision
4. flashes of light
What are some risk factors for retinal detachment ? - Correct Answer 1. MARFAN SYNDROME
2. trauma to the head
3. cataract surgery
4. inflammation caused by cytomegalovirus
What is the pathophysiology of retinal detachment ? - Correct Answer Retinal detachment occurs
when the inner layers of the retina break away from the retinal epithelial cells and choroid layer. This
is often caused by fluid accumulation in between the layers from liquefied vitreous, inflammatory
conditions of the choroid layer, hypertensive retinopathy, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, sickle cell
disease, or penetrating trauma.
What protozoan causes malaria? - Correct Answer 1. Plasmodium falciparum
2. Plasmodium vivax
3. Plasmodium ovale
4. Plasmodium malariae
Why does osmotic diarrhea occur? - Correct Answer Osmotic diarrhea occurs because of an increase
in the osmotic load presented to the intestinal lumen because of diminished absorption
,What are the signs and symptoms of appendicitis? - Correct Answer )1. REBOUND TENDERNESS on
RLQ. Usually pain is between the right hip area and belly button (MCBURNEY'S POINT)
2. Low-grade fever
3. Patient wanting to remain stationary
4. Jumping, coughing that hurts abdomen
4. Psoas sign (elicited by having the patient lie on his or her left side while the right thigh is flexed
backward)
5. Guarding
6. Rectal Pain
7. Rovsing's sign (characterized by right lower abdominal pain upon palpation of the left side of the
lower abdomen)
What is phagocytosis? - Correct Answer Phagocytosis involves recognition and attachment of the
leukocyte to the foreign matter, engulfment, and degradation or killing of the ingested matter
What causes pancreatitis? - Correct Answer 1. Alcohol abuse
2. Gallbladder disease (gallstones)
3. Cystic fibrosis
4. ECRP procedure
5. High blood triglyce4rides
6. Abdominal injury
7. Certain medications
8. Toxins
What is the pathophysiology of pancreatitis? - Correct Answer During the inflammatory process, the
digestive enzymes attack the pancreatic tissue, which causes autodigestion. In chronic pancreatitis,
recurring inflammation occurs causing gradual destruction of the gland, leaving it nonfunctional,
fibrotic, and atrophied
Lymphoblast cancer characteristics - Correct Answer 1. Frequent infection (ranging from tonsils,
canker sores, diarrhea, etc)
2. Anemia
3. Flulike symptoms
4. enlarged lymph nodes or spleen (often the initial sign)
, 5. Persistent bone pain due to stretching of the marrow
6. Unexplained bruising, gingival bleeding, nosebleeds, heavy menstrural periods (due to crowding
out of healthy platelets)
7. Headaches (If lymphoblast cells invade the CNS)
How is herpes simplex virus transmitted? - Correct Answer In HSV-2, During sexual activity or close
skin contact, the virus can spread from these lesions to partners. HSV2 can be transmitted during
symptomatic and asymptomatic periods.
How do we know that the prostate cancer is worsening? - Correct Answer In more, advanced
disease:
1. The prostate gland can obstruct urine flow from the bladder. This usually causes urinary symptoms
such as decreased force of stream, hesitancy (urine flow stops and starts), and incomplete emptying
of the bladder.
Late-stage symptoms include:
2. hematuria,
3. azotemia
4. anemia
5. anorexia
6. Back pain also is often a late-stage symptom caused by vertebral bone metastasis.
What are the treatments for prostate cancer? - Correct Answer 1. active surveillance
2. watchful waiting
3. surgical removal of the prostate
4. different types of radiation treatment
5. cryotherapy
6. brachytherapy
7. hormonal therapy
What cancers are caused by HPV? - Correct Answer 1. Cervical
2. Vaginal
3. Vulval
4. Penial
with 100% Verified Correct Answers
2024/2025
What is diffusion ? - Correct Answer The process by which molecules passively spread from areas of
high concentration to areas of low concentration. Water and electrolytes diffuse from high
concentration to lower concentration until an equilibrium is reached
what are the signs and symptoms of retinal detachment ? - Correct Answer 1. hairnet like vision
(PRIORITY)
2. "curtain-like" half vision loss
3. FLOATERS and cobweb looking vision
4. flashes of light
What are some risk factors for retinal detachment ? - Correct Answer 1. MARFAN SYNDROME
2. trauma to the head
3. cataract surgery
4. inflammation caused by cytomegalovirus
What is the pathophysiology of retinal detachment ? - Correct Answer Retinal detachment occurs
when the inner layers of the retina break away from the retinal epithelial cells and choroid layer. This
is often caused by fluid accumulation in between the layers from liquefied vitreous, inflammatory
conditions of the choroid layer, hypertensive retinopathy, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, sickle cell
disease, or penetrating trauma.
What protozoan causes malaria? - Correct Answer 1. Plasmodium falciparum
2. Plasmodium vivax
3. Plasmodium ovale
4. Plasmodium malariae
Why does osmotic diarrhea occur? - Correct Answer Osmotic diarrhea occurs because of an increase
in the osmotic load presented to the intestinal lumen because of diminished absorption
,What are the signs and symptoms of appendicitis? - Correct Answer )1. REBOUND TENDERNESS on
RLQ. Usually pain is between the right hip area and belly button (MCBURNEY'S POINT)
2. Low-grade fever
3. Patient wanting to remain stationary
4. Jumping, coughing that hurts abdomen
4. Psoas sign (elicited by having the patient lie on his or her left side while the right thigh is flexed
backward)
5. Guarding
6. Rectal Pain
7. Rovsing's sign (characterized by right lower abdominal pain upon palpation of the left side of the
lower abdomen)
What is phagocytosis? - Correct Answer Phagocytosis involves recognition and attachment of the
leukocyte to the foreign matter, engulfment, and degradation or killing of the ingested matter
What causes pancreatitis? - Correct Answer 1. Alcohol abuse
2. Gallbladder disease (gallstones)
3. Cystic fibrosis
4. ECRP procedure
5. High blood triglyce4rides
6. Abdominal injury
7. Certain medications
8. Toxins
What is the pathophysiology of pancreatitis? - Correct Answer During the inflammatory process, the
digestive enzymes attack the pancreatic tissue, which causes autodigestion. In chronic pancreatitis,
recurring inflammation occurs causing gradual destruction of the gland, leaving it nonfunctional,
fibrotic, and atrophied
Lymphoblast cancer characteristics - Correct Answer 1. Frequent infection (ranging from tonsils,
canker sores, diarrhea, etc)
2. Anemia
3. Flulike symptoms
4. enlarged lymph nodes or spleen (often the initial sign)
, 5. Persistent bone pain due to stretching of the marrow
6. Unexplained bruising, gingival bleeding, nosebleeds, heavy menstrural periods (due to crowding
out of healthy platelets)
7. Headaches (If lymphoblast cells invade the CNS)
How is herpes simplex virus transmitted? - Correct Answer In HSV-2, During sexual activity or close
skin contact, the virus can spread from these lesions to partners. HSV2 can be transmitted during
symptomatic and asymptomatic periods.
How do we know that the prostate cancer is worsening? - Correct Answer In more, advanced
disease:
1. The prostate gland can obstruct urine flow from the bladder. This usually causes urinary symptoms
such as decreased force of stream, hesitancy (urine flow stops and starts), and incomplete emptying
of the bladder.
Late-stage symptoms include:
2. hematuria,
3. azotemia
4. anemia
5. anorexia
6. Back pain also is often a late-stage symptom caused by vertebral bone metastasis.
What are the treatments for prostate cancer? - Correct Answer 1. active surveillance
2. watchful waiting
3. surgical removal of the prostate
4. different types of radiation treatment
5. cryotherapy
6. brachytherapy
7. hormonal therapy
What cancers are caused by HPV? - Correct Answer 1. Cervical
2. Vaginal
3. Vulval
4. Penial
