Pathophysiology Exam Questions with
100% Verified Correct Answers
2024/2025
Identify the 3 major parts of a cell - Correct Answer plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus
what is the function of the plasma membrane.? - Correct Answer major structural feture is the
phospholipid bilayer, also contains recptors and pores , allow for material passage and ingegrity of
the cells
what is the function of the cytoplasm? - Correct Answer jelly-like substance which differs from cell
type . Cellular functions are performed in cytoplasm by organelles
what is the function of the nucleus? - Correct Answer absolutely necessary for the survival of the
cell , also contains genetic information
what is the function of the mitochondria? - Correct Answer extracts energy in the chemical bonds
which involves a series of chemical changes that relase the energy in small easily handled amounts
which is released, captured and stored as ATP
what is the function of the ribosomes? - Correct Answer in protein synthisis they are the site of
messenger RNA=ribonucleic acid, attachment and amino acid assembly in the sequence ordered by
the genetic code carried by the RNA they ar snall rounded masses that are interconnected to
cristernae.
what is the function of the smooth ER? - Correct Answer when the long parallel arrays of flattened
membranes called cristernae are normally present in the cytoplasm
what is the function of the rough ER? - Correct Answer when the presence of ribosomes in the
cytoplasm which are interconnected to the cristeranae
what is the function of the golgi? - Correct Answer small peices of GER membrane containing newly
synthesized protein, pinch off from the GER and merge with the membrane of the golgi complex,
storesit until it is needed, often carbohydrate or lipid is added to the stred protein to form a fully
functional lproduct for secretion to pass to th cells exterior, vesicles lseperate from the golgi and
move to the plasma membrane, merge with it, passing the secretion to the exterior where it may
function locally or at some distant site to which a duct or the blood delivers it.
, what is the function of lyosomes - Correct Answer freely distributed in the cytoplasm and consist of a
membrane vesicle containing differnt enzymes which are capable of degrading or breaking down
proteins and carbs, for this reason lysosome membranes must have chemincal properties that can
resist the activities of the enzymes that they contain , without this resistance the enzymes would
escape and destroy the cell of which tey are a part of.
what is the function of cytoskeleton? - Correct Answer it contributes to the cell including support and
organization of the cells organelles and movement of materials within the cell b/c the cytoskeleton is
attached to the plasma membrane, it also plays a role in maintaining cell structure and linking
adajacent cells
what are 3 major causes of cell injury? - Correct Answer deficiency, intoxications, and trauma
examples of defciency of a cell - Correct Answer heart attack, or stoke, Oxygen deficiency, lack of B
vitiamins and genetic defects-metabolic pathway disorders
examples of intoxications of a cell - Correct Answer infections, PKU (phenylketonuria) fom metabolic
waste products , urea buildup in shock and billirubin, Carbondioxide, etc.
what are the functional reversible changes in cell injury? - Correct Answer altered metabolism
(glycloysis vs. osygen), hypertrophy, hyperplasia, atrophy(pathologic and physiologic), apoptosis, cell
stress proteins, organelle changes and hydropic degeneration
examples of trauma of a cell - Correct Answer hypothermia, hyperthermia, ionizing radiation forms
free radicals, and physical trauma( breaks, sprains, )
discribe 3 irreversible cell changes - Correct Answer distorted PM-causes altred ion permeability
(cellular swelling), decrease in mitochondria or lysosomes, cytoskeletion disrupted and nuclear
changes
what are 3 types of nuclear changes? - Correct Answer Karyolysis=break in nucleus, Karyorrhexis
=(fragmented), and Pyknosis=small , black, dead nucleus.
what happens if a cell has an irreversible change?, the cell passes what "point"? - Correct Answer if a
cell has irreversible change (regardless of cause of injury) the cell will die, the point of no return.
100% Verified Correct Answers
2024/2025
Identify the 3 major parts of a cell - Correct Answer plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus
what is the function of the plasma membrane.? - Correct Answer major structural feture is the
phospholipid bilayer, also contains recptors and pores , allow for material passage and ingegrity of
the cells
what is the function of the cytoplasm? - Correct Answer jelly-like substance which differs from cell
type . Cellular functions are performed in cytoplasm by organelles
what is the function of the nucleus? - Correct Answer absolutely necessary for the survival of the
cell , also contains genetic information
what is the function of the mitochondria? - Correct Answer extracts energy in the chemical bonds
which involves a series of chemical changes that relase the energy in small easily handled amounts
which is released, captured and stored as ATP
what is the function of the ribosomes? - Correct Answer in protein synthisis they are the site of
messenger RNA=ribonucleic acid, attachment and amino acid assembly in the sequence ordered by
the genetic code carried by the RNA they ar snall rounded masses that are interconnected to
cristernae.
what is the function of the smooth ER? - Correct Answer when the long parallel arrays of flattened
membranes called cristernae are normally present in the cytoplasm
what is the function of the rough ER? - Correct Answer when the presence of ribosomes in the
cytoplasm which are interconnected to the cristeranae
what is the function of the golgi? - Correct Answer small peices of GER membrane containing newly
synthesized protein, pinch off from the GER and merge with the membrane of the golgi complex,
storesit until it is needed, often carbohydrate or lipid is added to the stred protein to form a fully
functional lproduct for secretion to pass to th cells exterior, vesicles lseperate from the golgi and
move to the plasma membrane, merge with it, passing the secretion to the exterior where it may
function locally or at some distant site to which a duct or the blood delivers it.
, what is the function of lyosomes - Correct Answer freely distributed in the cytoplasm and consist of a
membrane vesicle containing differnt enzymes which are capable of degrading or breaking down
proteins and carbs, for this reason lysosome membranes must have chemincal properties that can
resist the activities of the enzymes that they contain , without this resistance the enzymes would
escape and destroy the cell of which tey are a part of.
what is the function of cytoskeleton? - Correct Answer it contributes to the cell including support and
organization of the cells organelles and movement of materials within the cell b/c the cytoskeleton is
attached to the plasma membrane, it also plays a role in maintaining cell structure and linking
adajacent cells
what are 3 major causes of cell injury? - Correct Answer deficiency, intoxications, and trauma
examples of defciency of a cell - Correct Answer heart attack, or stoke, Oxygen deficiency, lack of B
vitiamins and genetic defects-metabolic pathway disorders
examples of intoxications of a cell - Correct Answer infections, PKU (phenylketonuria) fom metabolic
waste products , urea buildup in shock and billirubin, Carbondioxide, etc.
what are the functional reversible changes in cell injury? - Correct Answer altered metabolism
(glycloysis vs. osygen), hypertrophy, hyperplasia, atrophy(pathologic and physiologic), apoptosis, cell
stress proteins, organelle changes and hydropic degeneration
examples of trauma of a cell - Correct Answer hypothermia, hyperthermia, ionizing radiation forms
free radicals, and physical trauma( breaks, sprains, )
discribe 3 irreversible cell changes - Correct Answer distorted PM-causes altred ion permeability
(cellular swelling), decrease in mitochondria or lysosomes, cytoskeletion disrupted and nuclear
changes
what are 3 types of nuclear changes? - Correct Answer Karyolysis=break in nucleus, Karyorrhexis
=(fragmented), and Pyknosis=small , black, dead nucleus.
what happens if a cell has an irreversible change?, the cell passes what "point"? - Correct Answer if a
cell has irreversible change (regardless of cause of injury) the cell will die, the point of no return.
