Pathophysiology SLCC Exam Study Guide with Complete Solutions

Pathophysiology SLCC Exam Study Guide with Complete Solutions Homeostasis - Answer️️ -The body's ability to maintain a dynamic steady-state of INTERNAL BALANCE or equilibrium. Hyperplasia - Answer️️ -INCREASED NUMBER of cells Hypertrophy and what causes it? - Answer️️ -INCREASED SIZE of cell Caused by increased workload or pathological condition Atrophy and what causes it? - Answer️️ -REDUCED SIZE of cell Caused by disuse, malnutrition and decreased blood flow Metaplasia and what causes it? - Answer️️ -REPLACEMENT of one cell type with another that can better endure stress. Caused by chronic inflammation or irritation. Dysplasia and what precedes it? - Answer️️ -Abnormal cell growth of specific tissue ©SOPHIABENNETT@ Monday, August 26, 2024 6:09 AM 2 Precedes with cancerous changes What does sodium build up do in the cell? - Answer️️ -Sodium builds up in cell due to the breakdown of the sodium -potassium pump. Consequently, sodium collects insider the cell and attracts water (INTRACELLUAR SWELLING) What problems can happen with fatty changes inside a cell? - Answer️️ - Lipid collects in cells leading to (IMPAIRMENT OF CELL FUNCTIONS). "Fatty liver" is often the result. What happens with Ca2+ build up in a cell and how? - Answer️️ - Calcium builds up in a cell due to the breakdown of the (Ca2+/Mg2+ pump). Consequently, calcium collects inside the ell and causes inappropriate (ACTIVATION OF CELLULAR ENZYMES) Apoptosis - Answer️️ -Controlled cell death (implosion). Everything in the cell stay inside. No inflammatory response Necrosis - Answer️️ -Uncontrolled cell death (explosion). Everything in cell is released into extracellular space. Causes inflammatory response What are the organs of the immune system? - Answer️️ -Bone marrow - RBC, WBC and platelets Thymus gland - T-cell production ©SOPHIABENNETT@ Monday, August 26, 2024 6:09 AM 3 Lymph nodes Tonsils Spleen Telomeres - Answer️️ -Outermost tails of the chromosome arms. What are the 3 cells of inflammation? What do they do? - Answer️️ -1. Endothelial cells - -Vasodialate/constrict - Cause blood thinning/prevent blood clotting -Allow enter/exit of blood vessels -Control inflammatory mediators 2. Platelets - -Responsible for blood coagulation/clotting -Platelets release 300+ inflammatory mediators ©SOPHIABENNETT@ Monday, August 26, 2024 6:09 AM 4 3. Leukocytes - -They are the major cellular component of the inflammatory response - High abundance of neutrophils in the blood is a common indicator of inflammation and infection -WBC are classified as granular or agranular What does S.H.A.R.P. stand for? - Answer️️ -Swelling Heat Altered function Redness Pain What are the granulocytes?