NUR 141 DIABETES MANAGEMENT UPDATED
NOTES|VERIFIED AND 100% ACCURATE
What is Diabetes?
- A disorder of the endocrine system resulting in alteration in insulin production and sugar
(carbohydrate) metabolism
- Results from decreased or absent insulin production and/or insulin resistance
Types of Diabetes:
- Type 1 Diabetes
- Type 2 Diabetes
- Pre-Diabetes
Type 1 Diabetes:
- A metabolic disorder resulting from inadequate production of insulin by the body
o Primary defect is destruction of pancreatic beta cells due to autoimmune process
o Trigger for this immune response is not entirely known, but genetic,
environmental, and infectious factors likely play a role
- Generally, as a rule, type 1 diabetes develops during childhood or adolescence, and
symptom onset is relatively abrupt
- Can develop during adulthood
Type 2 Diabetes:
- Hyperglycemia
o Increased production of glucose by liver
o Decreased uptake of glucose in liver, muscle, and fat cells
- Insulin Resistance
o Higher insulin level needed to work effectively
- Fasting glucose above 126 mg/dL
- Affects approximately 30 million Americans (9.4% of population)
- 90% of those with diabetes have type 2
Risk Factors for Type 2:
- Genetic Predisposition
- Obesity
- Metabolic Syndrome
- Higher incidence in:
, o African American
o Hispanics
o Native Americans
o Native Alaskans
o Asian Americans
o Pacific Islanders
What is Pre-Diabetes:
- Fasting blood glucose levels 100-125mg/dl
- Are at an increased risk of developing diabetes
- Impaired glucose tolerance
- Can sometimes be reversed or controlled before it becomes diabetes
- Becoming more common and occurring in younger populations
Signs and Symptoms of Diabetes:
- Hyperglycemia
- Glucosuria
- 3 P’s
o Polyuria (frequent urination)
o Polydipsia (increased thirst)
o Polyphagia (hunger)
- Dehydration
- Fatigue
- Weight loss
- Blurred vision
- Slow healing of wounds
Hyperglycemia (Blood Glucose >99)
- Increased thirst
- Headaches
- Difficulty concentrating
- Blurred vision
- Frequent urination
- Fatigue (weak, tired feeling)
- Weight loss
NOTES|VERIFIED AND 100% ACCURATE
What is Diabetes?
- A disorder of the endocrine system resulting in alteration in insulin production and sugar
(carbohydrate) metabolism
- Results from decreased or absent insulin production and/or insulin resistance
Types of Diabetes:
- Type 1 Diabetes
- Type 2 Diabetes
- Pre-Diabetes
Type 1 Diabetes:
- A metabolic disorder resulting from inadequate production of insulin by the body
o Primary defect is destruction of pancreatic beta cells due to autoimmune process
o Trigger for this immune response is not entirely known, but genetic,
environmental, and infectious factors likely play a role
- Generally, as a rule, type 1 diabetes develops during childhood or adolescence, and
symptom onset is relatively abrupt
- Can develop during adulthood
Type 2 Diabetes:
- Hyperglycemia
o Increased production of glucose by liver
o Decreased uptake of glucose in liver, muscle, and fat cells
- Insulin Resistance
o Higher insulin level needed to work effectively
- Fasting glucose above 126 mg/dL
- Affects approximately 30 million Americans (9.4% of population)
- 90% of those with diabetes have type 2
Risk Factors for Type 2:
- Genetic Predisposition
- Obesity
- Metabolic Syndrome
- Higher incidence in:
, o African American
o Hispanics
o Native Americans
o Native Alaskans
o Asian Americans
o Pacific Islanders
What is Pre-Diabetes:
- Fasting blood glucose levels 100-125mg/dl
- Are at an increased risk of developing diabetes
- Impaired glucose tolerance
- Can sometimes be reversed or controlled before it becomes diabetes
- Becoming more common and occurring in younger populations
Signs and Symptoms of Diabetes:
- Hyperglycemia
- Glucosuria
- 3 P’s
o Polyuria (frequent urination)
o Polydipsia (increased thirst)
o Polyphagia (hunger)
- Dehydration
- Fatigue
- Weight loss
- Blurred vision
- Slow healing of wounds
Hyperglycemia (Blood Glucose >99)
- Increased thirst
- Headaches
- Difficulty concentrating
- Blurred vision
- Frequent urination
- Fatigue (weak, tired feeling)
- Weight loss
