NUR 227 Acute Illness and Supportive
Care Review Questions and Correct
Answers
Acute care settings which nurses work ✅ICU, oncology, Paediatrics, Perioperative
nursing
Nursing Process steps ✅Assessment, Problem identification, Planning,
Implementation, Evaluation
Therapeutic communication ✅face to face, interpersonal interactions that occur during
communication between nurses and a patient
Blood transfusion reactions ✅febrile (most common), allergic, haemolytic, fluid
overload
Indication for blood transfusion ✅blood loss from trauma, surgery, haemorrhage,
severe anaemia, replacement of essential clotting factors
When might a platelet transfusion occur ✅when a patients bone marrow isn't making
sufficient platelets to prevent bleeding
Venepuncture ✅invasive procedure where blood is taken from the vein
Risks associated with venepuncture ✅infection, exposure to bodily products towards
nurses, anxiety
Platelets ✅initiate clotting process, maintain capillary integrity by working as a 'plug'
Treat/prevent bleeding in pts who have thrombocytopenia or abnormal platelet function.
Haemoglobin ✅a protein-iron compound found in rbcs transports gases throughout the
body and assists in maintaining acid-base balance
White blood cells ✅helps fight infection and play a role in immune responses such as
inflammation and allergies
Potassium ✅promotes transmission of nerve impulses, contraction of skeletal and
smooth muscles
Sodium ✅regulates fluid volume, stimulates conduction of nerve impulses, maintain
neuromuscular irritability
, Calcium ✅provides thickness and strength of cell membranes, teeth and bones,
promoting nerve impulse transmission. Decreases neuromuscular excitability, essential
for blood coagulation
Magnesium ✅promotes regulation of serum calcium, phosphorus and potassium levels
+ promotes neuromuscular activity
Symptoms of anaemia ✅chest pain, dyspnoea and dizziness
Arteries ✅thick-walled blood vessels carry oxygenated blood away from the heart
Veins ✅blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood from body's tissue back to the
heart + have valves to prevent backflow
Capillaries ✅tiny, thin-walled blood vessels that connect arterioles & venules. Site of
exchange of nutrients, gases & waste products between blood and tissues
Non-specific immune defence ✅responds to pathogens in a non-specific manner.
Recognises common features shared by various pathogens
Specific immune defence ✅responds to pathogens in a highly specific manner.
Recognises & targets particular pathogens or substances called antigens. Recognition
is based on specific recepetors on immune cells that bind to unique molecular patterns
present on antigens
5 moments of hand hygiene ✅1) before touching patient
2) before clean/aseptic procedure
3) after body fluid exposure risk
4) after touching patient
5) after touching patient surroundings
Describe non-specific/innate immunity ✅Body's first line of defence against pathogens
& other foreign substances ~ provides immediate, generalised protection against a wide
range of potential threats without requiring prior exposure to specific antigens.
Responds the same way to all germs and foreign substances
Describe vascular phase in relation to acute inflammation ✅= initial response to tissue
injury or infection & involves changes in blood flow and vessel permeabilityvasodilation:
in response to inflammatory mediators, arterioles in affected area dilate, leading to
increased blood flow. Causing redness and heat at the inflammation site.
Increased vascular permeability: cells lining the blood vessels become activated and
contract (endothelial), leading to increased permeability of the vessel wall, allowing fluid,
proteins and inflammatory cells to leak out of the bloodstream and into the surrounding
tissue, contributing to swelling
Care Review Questions and Correct
Answers
Acute care settings which nurses work ✅ICU, oncology, Paediatrics, Perioperative
nursing
Nursing Process steps ✅Assessment, Problem identification, Planning,
Implementation, Evaluation
Therapeutic communication ✅face to face, interpersonal interactions that occur during
communication between nurses and a patient
Blood transfusion reactions ✅febrile (most common), allergic, haemolytic, fluid
overload
Indication for blood transfusion ✅blood loss from trauma, surgery, haemorrhage,
severe anaemia, replacement of essential clotting factors
When might a platelet transfusion occur ✅when a patients bone marrow isn't making
sufficient platelets to prevent bleeding
Venepuncture ✅invasive procedure where blood is taken from the vein
Risks associated with venepuncture ✅infection, exposure to bodily products towards
nurses, anxiety
Platelets ✅initiate clotting process, maintain capillary integrity by working as a 'plug'
Treat/prevent bleeding in pts who have thrombocytopenia or abnormal platelet function.
Haemoglobin ✅a protein-iron compound found in rbcs transports gases throughout the
body and assists in maintaining acid-base balance
White blood cells ✅helps fight infection and play a role in immune responses such as
inflammation and allergies
Potassium ✅promotes transmission of nerve impulses, contraction of skeletal and
smooth muscles
Sodium ✅regulates fluid volume, stimulates conduction of nerve impulses, maintain
neuromuscular irritability
, Calcium ✅provides thickness and strength of cell membranes, teeth and bones,
promoting nerve impulse transmission. Decreases neuromuscular excitability, essential
for blood coagulation
Magnesium ✅promotes regulation of serum calcium, phosphorus and potassium levels
+ promotes neuromuscular activity
Symptoms of anaemia ✅chest pain, dyspnoea and dizziness
Arteries ✅thick-walled blood vessels carry oxygenated blood away from the heart
Veins ✅blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood from body's tissue back to the
heart + have valves to prevent backflow
Capillaries ✅tiny, thin-walled blood vessels that connect arterioles & venules. Site of
exchange of nutrients, gases & waste products between blood and tissues
Non-specific immune defence ✅responds to pathogens in a non-specific manner.
Recognises common features shared by various pathogens
Specific immune defence ✅responds to pathogens in a highly specific manner.
Recognises & targets particular pathogens or substances called antigens. Recognition
is based on specific recepetors on immune cells that bind to unique molecular patterns
present on antigens
5 moments of hand hygiene ✅1) before touching patient
2) before clean/aseptic procedure
3) after body fluid exposure risk
4) after touching patient
5) after touching patient surroundings
Describe non-specific/innate immunity ✅Body's first line of defence against pathogens
& other foreign substances ~ provides immediate, generalised protection against a wide
range of potential threats without requiring prior exposure to specific antigens.
Responds the same way to all germs and foreign substances
Describe vascular phase in relation to acute inflammation ✅= initial response to tissue
injury or infection & involves changes in blood flow and vessel permeabilityvasodilation:
in response to inflammatory mediators, arterioles in affected area dilate, leading to
increased blood flow. Causing redness and heat at the inflammation site.
Increased vascular permeability: cells lining the blood vessels become activated and
contract (endothelial), leading to increased permeability of the vessel wall, allowing fluid,
proteins and inflammatory cells to leak out of the bloodstream and into the surrounding
tissue, contributing to swelling
