BIOL 2302 Exam Review Kasparian|
Questions Solved with Verified Correct
Answers | Latest Update 2024-2025
What are the four roles of saliva in digestion and maintaining the oral cavity? - ANSWER 1)
cleansing mouth of bacteria
2) Moisten and dissolve food chemicals
3) aid in bolus formation
4) Amylase enzyme to break down starch
What are the three extrinsic salivary glands? - ANSWER 1) Parotid
2) Submandibular
3) Sublingual
,Which extrinsic salivary gland is located anterior to the ear between master muscles that
excretes saliva into the vestibule? - ANSWER Parotid gland
Which extrinsic salivary gland lies in the medial aspect of mandibular body and excretes saliva
at the base of lingual frenulum? - ANSWER Submandibular gland
Which extrinsic salivary gland lies anterior to the submandibular gland under the tongue with
10-12 ducts that open to the floor of the mouth? - ANSWER Sublingual gland
Salivary glands scattered throughout the oral mucosa that maintain the moist environment
of the oral mucosa are.... - ANSWER intrinsic salivary glands
Saliva is made mostly of.... - ANSWER water (97-99%)
What are some other chemical properties of saliva? - ANSWER -Hypo-osmotic
- slightly acidic
What electrolytes are found in saliva? - ANSWER Sodium, Potassium, Chlorine,
Phosphate, Bicarbonate
What proteins are found in saliva? - ANSWER - mucin (eventually converted to mucus)
- lysozyme and defensins (immune proteins)
- IgA (Antibody found in mucus and saliva)
What metabolic wastes are surprisingly found in saliva? - ANSWER Uric acid and urea
Extrinsic salivary glands respond what type of stimuli? - ANSWER - ingested food (chemo
and mechanoreceptors)
- thought of food (Psychological)
,Which division of the nervous system stimulate the intrinsic salivary glands? - ANSWER
parasympathetic nervous system
Strong sympathetic stimulation causes which condition in the oral cavity? - ANSWER dry mouth
- inhibition of salivation during sympathetic state
What calcified structures are responsible for carrying out the physical digestion of food
particles through mastication? - ANSWER teeth
Animals that have teeth of different shapes and serve different functions are known as.... -
ANSWER heterodonts
Chisel shaped teeth that function in cutting and nipping at food are.... - ANSWER incisors
fanglike teeth that tear and pierce food are... - ANSWER canines
The majority of teeth are crown shaped teeth that are best suited for grinding and
crushing food are called... - ANSWER premolar/molars
Primary (baby) teeth consists of how many teeth and at what age do they emerge? - ANSWER -
20 teeth
- 6-24 months
Permanent teeth consists of how many teeth and at which age do they emerge? - ANSWER -32
teeth
- 6 years - end of adolescence
What is the primary teeth dental formula? - ANSWER 2I, 1C, 2M x 4
, What is the permanent teeth dental formula? - ANSWER 2I, 1C, 2PM, 3M x 4
What is the difference between the root and the crown? - ANSWER Crown - located above
the gingiva
Root - embedded in the jawbone
The brittle material composed of calcium salts and hydroxyapatite crystals surrounding the
tooth is called... - ANSWER enamel
The calcified connective tissue that connects the enamel to the periodontal ligament is.... -
ANSWER cementum
The connective tissue that anchors the tooth in the alveolus of the jaw and form the
gomphosis fibrous going between tooth and mandible is called... - ANSWER periodontal
ligament
The bonelike material found deep to the enamel that forms the structural base of the tooth
is called... - ANSWER dentin
The connective tissue, blood vessels and nerves found at the center of the tooth in a cavity
is called... - ANSWER pulp
gradual demineralization of enamel and dentin by bacterial injection is called... - ANSWER
dental caries (cavities)
The film of sugar, bacterial and other debris that adheres to enamel is called... -
ANSWER Plaque
What causes caries? - ANSWER acid produced by bacteria in plaque that dissolves the
calcium salts in the enamel
Questions Solved with Verified Correct
Answers | Latest Update 2024-2025
What are the four roles of saliva in digestion and maintaining the oral cavity? - ANSWER 1)
cleansing mouth of bacteria
2) Moisten and dissolve food chemicals
3) aid in bolus formation
4) Amylase enzyme to break down starch
What are the three extrinsic salivary glands? - ANSWER 1) Parotid
2) Submandibular
3) Sublingual
,Which extrinsic salivary gland is located anterior to the ear between master muscles that
excretes saliva into the vestibule? - ANSWER Parotid gland
Which extrinsic salivary gland lies in the medial aspect of mandibular body and excretes saliva
at the base of lingual frenulum? - ANSWER Submandibular gland
Which extrinsic salivary gland lies anterior to the submandibular gland under the tongue with
10-12 ducts that open to the floor of the mouth? - ANSWER Sublingual gland
Salivary glands scattered throughout the oral mucosa that maintain the moist environment
of the oral mucosa are.... - ANSWER intrinsic salivary glands
Saliva is made mostly of.... - ANSWER water (97-99%)
What are some other chemical properties of saliva? - ANSWER -Hypo-osmotic
- slightly acidic
What electrolytes are found in saliva? - ANSWER Sodium, Potassium, Chlorine,
Phosphate, Bicarbonate
What proteins are found in saliva? - ANSWER - mucin (eventually converted to mucus)
- lysozyme and defensins (immune proteins)
- IgA (Antibody found in mucus and saliva)
What metabolic wastes are surprisingly found in saliva? - ANSWER Uric acid and urea
Extrinsic salivary glands respond what type of stimuli? - ANSWER - ingested food (chemo
and mechanoreceptors)
- thought of food (Psychological)
,Which division of the nervous system stimulate the intrinsic salivary glands? - ANSWER
parasympathetic nervous system
Strong sympathetic stimulation causes which condition in the oral cavity? - ANSWER dry mouth
- inhibition of salivation during sympathetic state
What calcified structures are responsible for carrying out the physical digestion of food
particles through mastication? - ANSWER teeth
Animals that have teeth of different shapes and serve different functions are known as.... -
ANSWER heterodonts
Chisel shaped teeth that function in cutting and nipping at food are.... - ANSWER incisors
fanglike teeth that tear and pierce food are... - ANSWER canines
The majority of teeth are crown shaped teeth that are best suited for grinding and
crushing food are called... - ANSWER premolar/molars
Primary (baby) teeth consists of how many teeth and at what age do they emerge? - ANSWER -
20 teeth
- 6-24 months
Permanent teeth consists of how many teeth and at which age do they emerge? - ANSWER -32
teeth
- 6 years - end of adolescence
What is the primary teeth dental formula? - ANSWER 2I, 1C, 2M x 4
, What is the permanent teeth dental formula? - ANSWER 2I, 1C, 2PM, 3M x 4
What is the difference between the root and the crown? - ANSWER Crown - located above
the gingiva
Root - embedded in the jawbone
The brittle material composed of calcium salts and hydroxyapatite crystals surrounding the
tooth is called... - ANSWER enamel
The calcified connective tissue that connects the enamel to the periodontal ligament is.... -
ANSWER cementum
The connective tissue that anchors the tooth in the alveolus of the jaw and form the
gomphosis fibrous going between tooth and mandible is called... - ANSWER periodontal
ligament
The bonelike material found deep to the enamel that forms the structural base of the tooth
is called... - ANSWER dentin
The connective tissue, blood vessels and nerves found at the center of the tooth in a cavity
is called... - ANSWER pulp
gradual demineralization of enamel and dentin by bacterial injection is called... - ANSWER
dental caries (cavities)
The film of sugar, bacterial and other debris that adheres to enamel is called... -
ANSWER Plaque
What causes caries? - ANSWER acid produced by bacteria in plaque that dissolves the
calcium salts in the enamel
