BIOL 2301 Kasparian Exam | Questions
Solved with Verified Correct Answers |
Latest Update 2024-2025
What immune system has barriers, chemical mechanisms and has non-specific
immune response tendencies? - ANSWER Innate defenses
What immune system has specific mechanisms of defense and is prone to priming a
stronger secondary response for max effectiveness against foreign antigens? - ANSWER
Adaptive defenses
What two structures act as the bodies first line of defense? - ANSWER Skin
Mucous membrane
What are the protective features of the skin? - ANSWER 1) Keratinized epidermis - resistant to
bacterial enzymes and strong acids/bases
2) Waterproof
,3) Dynamic - stratum corner wears off to remove bacteria
4) Sebum - traps materials and prevents entrance to the body
What are the protective features of the mucous membrane? - ANSWER 1) Mucus - traps
materials to be removed from the body
2) Defense chemicals - acids/digestive enzymes and water
What types of molecules help immune cells recognize self from non-self? -
ANSWER glycoproteins
Monocytes later differentiate into what type of phagocyte? - ANSWER Macrophages
Kupffer cells are phagocytes found in what organ? - ANSWER Liver
What phagocyte is found in the brain? - ANSWER Microglia
Which phagocyte consumes parasitic worms? - ANSWER Eosinophils
What are the steps of phagocytosis? - ANSWER 1) Microbe adheres to phagocyte
2) Pseudopodia form and engulf the microbe via endocytosis
3) Vesicle fuses with lysosome to form a phagolysosome
4) Microbe is killed and digested to form residual bodies
5) Residual matter is removed via exocytosis
What type of cells do natural killer cells target and destroy? - ANSWER Virus infected and
cancer cells
What are NK cells method of killing? - ANSWER inducing apoptosis
, What are the four major trauma that initiate the inflammatory response? - ANSWER 1)
Physical trauma (Hemorrhage, broken bone or torn ligament)
2) Intense heat (burn)
3) Irritating chemical
4) Pathological infection
What is the purpose of inflammation? - ANSWER 1) Prevent spread of the damaging agent
2) dispose of damaged cell debris and/or pathogens
3) create repair process environment
What are the four signs of inflammation? - ANSWER Redness
Heat
Swelling
Pain
What phase of inflammation involves
- TLR's recognizing invading microbes/antigens
- releases cytokines from those cells
- cytokines triggering the release of histamine from mast cells or basophils? - ANSWER Initiation
of Inflammation
Cytokines, histamine, kinins, prostaglandins, leukotrienes and complement are all
examples of.... - ANSWER inflammatory promoting chemicals
What phase of inflammation increase blood flow and leakiness to damaged tissues? - ANSWER
vasodilation
Solved with Verified Correct Answers |
Latest Update 2024-2025
What immune system has barriers, chemical mechanisms and has non-specific
immune response tendencies? - ANSWER Innate defenses
What immune system has specific mechanisms of defense and is prone to priming a
stronger secondary response for max effectiveness against foreign antigens? - ANSWER
Adaptive defenses
What two structures act as the bodies first line of defense? - ANSWER Skin
Mucous membrane
What are the protective features of the skin? - ANSWER 1) Keratinized epidermis - resistant to
bacterial enzymes and strong acids/bases
2) Waterproof
,3) Dynamic - stratum corner wears off to remove bacteria
4) Sebum - traps materials and prevents entrance to the body
What are the protective features of the mucous membrane? - ANSWER 1) Mucus - traps
materials to be removed from the body
2) Defense chemicals - acids/digestive enzymes and water
What types of molecules help immune cells recognize self from non-self? -
ANSWER glycoproteins
Monocytes later differentiate into what type of phagocyte? - ANSWER Macrophages
Kupffer cells are phagocytes found in what organ? - ANSWER Liver
What phagocyte is found in the brain? - ANSWER Microglia
Which phagocyte consumes parasitic worms? - ANSWER Eosinophils
What are the steps of phagocytosis? - ANSWER 1) Microbe adheres to phagocyte
2) Pseudopodia form and engulf the microbe via endocytosis
3) Vesicle fuses with lysosome to form a phagolysosome
4) Microbe is killed and digested to form residual bodies
5) Residual matter is removed via exocytosis
What type of cells do natural killer cells target and destroy? - ANSWER Virus infected and
cancer cells
What are NK cells method of killing? - ANSWER inducing apoptosis
, What are the four major trauma that initiate the inflammatory response? - ANSWER 1)
Physical trauma (Hemorrhage, broken bone or torn ligament)
2) Intense heat (burn)
3) Irritating chemical
4) Pathological infection
What is the purpose of inflammation? - ANSWER 1) Prevent spread of the damaging agent
2) dispose of damaged cell debris and/or pathogens
3) create repair process environment
What are the four signs of inflammation? - ANSWER Redness
Heat
Swelling
Pain
What phase of inflammation involves
- TLR's recognizing invading microbes/antigens
- releases cytokines from those cells
- cytokines triggering the release of histamine from mast cells or basophils? - ANSWER Initiation
of Inflammation
Cytokines, histamine, kinins, prostaglandins, leukotrienes and complement are all
examples of.... - ANSWER inflammatory promoting chemicals
What phase of inflammation increase blood flow and leakiness to damaged tissues? - ANSWER
vasodilation
