(GCU) NRS-455 Pathophysiology - Final Exam Review .

NRS-455




Pathophysiology




FINAL EXAM REVIEW




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,1. Question: A 45-year-old male presents with acute chest pain
and shortness of breath. Which of the following biomarkers would
most likely indicate myocardial injury?
- A) Troponin I
- B) B-type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP)
- C) C-reactive protein (CRP)
- D) Creatinine kinase (CK)


Correct Answer: A) Troponin I
Rationale: Troponin I is a highly sensitive and specific marker
for myocardial injury, particularly in the context of acute coronary
syndrome.


2. Question: In the context of liver cirrhosis, which of the
following compensatory mechanisms occurs due to decreased
hepatic perfusion?
- A) Increased cardiac output
- B) Decreased heart rate
- C) Decreased blood volume
- D) Increased peripheral resistance

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, Correct Answer: A) Increased cardiac output
Rationale: The body compensates for decreased hepatic
perfusion by increasing cardiac output as a response to systemic
vascular resistance changes.


3. Question: A patient with chronic renal failure has elevated
serum potassium levels. Which of the following conditions could
this lead to?
- A) Hypercalcemia
- B) Metabolic acidosis
- C) Hypertension
- D) Respiratory alkalosis


Correct Answer: B) Metabolic acidosis
Rationale: In chronic renal failure, the kidneys cannot
adequately excrete potassium and metabolic waste, leading to
metabolic acidosis.


4. Question: Which of the following is NOT a common
complication of diabetes mellitus?
- A) Retinopathy
- B) Neuropathy
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