Unit 1- Biol 230 Athabasca Exam Latest
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12 systems of the body - Answer -
intergumentary,skeletal,muscular,nervous,endocrine,cardiovascular,respiratory,lymphatic,inmune,digesti
ve,urinary, reproductive.
A (aminoacyl) Site - Answer -binds the tRNA carrying the next amino acid to be added to the
growing polypeptide
A solution with more Hydrogen would considered basic or acid and would be greater or lesser than 7? -
Answer -A solution with more hydrogen (+) would be more acid and be less than 7.
A solution with more OH- than H+ would be considered basic or acidic and would be greater or lesser
than 7? - Answer -a solution with more OH- would be more basic and would fall greater than 7 on
the Ph scale.
A triglyceride that is liquid at room temperature is considered to be... - Answer -An Oil
A triglyceride that is solid at room temperature is considered a... - Answer -fat
A valence shell that is chemically stable - Answer -has 8 electrons and is unlikely to form other
bonds with other atoms
A-fibers - Answer -Lg diameter myelinated urgent info
Absorption - Answer -The process by which nutrient molecules pass through the wall of the
digestive system into the blood. Tends to occur in apical membrane
Absorption of glucose - Answer -1 Glucose moves across the apical membrane of an intestinal
epithelial cell via a Na+/glucose symporter, which mediates secondary active transport.
2 The low intracellular Na+ concentration needed to drive the symporter is maintained by the Na+/K+
ATPase (primary active transport) in the basolateral membrane.
3 Glucose diffuses through the cytosol and then moves across the basolateral membrane via a glucose
transporter (GLUT2), which mediates facilitated diffusion.
4 Glucose enters interstitial fluid and then diffuses into the blood.
Action potential vs graded - Answer -In axon
,Long distance short time
No refractory
In plasma membrane
Short distance longer time
Refractory
Actyl CoA - Answer -An important metabolic intermediate that links glycolysis and beta-oxidation
to the citric acid cycle; can also be converted into ketone bodies
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) - Answer -one of the principal chemical compounds that living
things use to store and release energy. Our "Energy Currency"
Adipocytes - Answer -fat cells, store triglycerides
Adrenocortical hormones - Answer -Help regulate metabolism, resistance to stress, and salt and
water balance.
Afferent division of PNS - Answer -carries sensory information from PNS sensory receptors to CNS.
Info about somatic and special senses
Agonist - Answer -a molecule that, by binding to a receptor site, stimulates a response
allosteric modulators - Answer -bind to a protein at a regulatory site. Can be inhibitors or
activators
Amphiphatic - Answer -A chemical or molecule that has a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail
used to transport fat.
They line up tail to tail in a double row to make up membranes
Anaphase - Answer -chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell
Anion - Answer -A negatively charged ion
Antagonist - Answer -Blocks receptor fro, messenger
Antiretrograde - Answer -Forward from cell body to axon terminal involves kinesins
apical membrane - Answer -the surface of an epithelial cell that faces a lumen, such as that of the
intestines
arachnoid villi - Answer -structures that return cerebrospinal fluid to the venous blood in the dural
sinuses
Asparatate - Answer -Excitatory, important in spinal cord
,associated areas - Answer -One of the major regions of the cerebral cortex; the site of higher
mental processes, such as thoughts, language, memory, and speech. Ie if you if you damage this area
you'd be able to see but wouldn't understand what you were saying
associative learning - Answer -learning that certain events occur together. Ringing a bell equals
dog salivating.
Astrocytes - Answer -Provide structural and metabolic support for neurons, form blood brain
barrier
Atomic Number - Answer -total number of protons in an atom
atomic weight/mass - Answer -the atomic mass of an elementis close to the mass number of its
most abundant isotope.
auditory association area - Answer -stores memories of sounds and permits perception of sounds
temporal lobe
Auquaporins - Answer -"water pores" that allow water to pass through cell membrane via osmosis.
Autocrine - Answer -term for hormones that act on same cells that secrete them aunts=slef
Autolysis - Answer -the spontaneous breakdown of cells as they self-digest
autonomic nervous system (ANS) - Answer -the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls
the glands and the muscles of the internal organs (such as the heart) INVOLUNTARY. Its sympathetic
division arouses " fight or flight"; its parasympathetic division calms "rest and digest".
Autophagy - Answer -A process in which lysosomes decompose damaged organelles to reuse their
organic monomers
Axon - Answer -the extension of a neuron, ending in branching terminal fibers, through which
messages pass to other neurons or to muscles or glands
axon diameter - Answer -the larger the diameter, the faster the impulse (less resistance)
Baroreceptors: - Answer -the receptors), pressure sensitive neurons located in the walls of certain
blood vessels, detect the higher pressure. These neurons send action potentials (input) to the brain
(control center)
Basel Nuclei/Basel Ganglia - Answer -Several masses of Grey matter found in different parts of the
brain also suppress unwanted movement initiates movement and regulates muscle tone
basement membrane - Answer -Layer between epithelium and underlying connective tissue
basolateral membrane - Answer -the cell membrane that faces away from the lumen of the GI
tract and toward the submucosa. In contact with interstitial fluid and and blood vesicles.
bile salts - Answer -cholesterol derivatives that function in fat emulsification and absorption
, biogenic amines - Answer -Simple hormones; water soluble; derived from amino acids; e.g,
epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine
Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) - Answer -physiological barrier between the circulatory system and the
central nervous system that establishes a privileged blood supply, restricting the flow of substances into
the CNS
Brainstem consists of - Answer -midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata
Broca's area (motor) - Answer -frontal lobe, usually in the left hemisphere, that directs the muscle
movements involved in speech. Gets input from wernicks area to generate though into speech
Carbohydrates - Answer -include sugars, glycogen, starches, and cellulose
-Function mainly as a source of chemical energy for generating ATP
carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system. - Answer -Carbonic acid (H2CO3) can act as a weakacid,
and the bicarbonate ion (HCO3−) can act as a weak base. Hence,this buf er system can compensate for
either an excess or a shortage ofH+.
cardiac muscle - Answer -Involuntary muscle tissue found only in the heart.
Cation - Answer -A positively charged ion
CDKs - Answer -Cyclin-dependent protein kinases; transfer phosphate group from ATP to a protein
to activate the protein. PIVOTAL for cell division
cell division phases - Answer -interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis
Cell-cell binding - Answer -surface molecules on two different cells bind to one another
cellular respiration steps - Answer -glycolysis, krebs cycle, electron transport chain
central canal - Answer -a fluid-filled channel in the center of the spinal cord
Centrioles - Answer -a minute cylindrical organelle near the nucleus in animal cells, occurring in
pairs and involved in the development of spindle fibers in cell division.
Centrosome - Answer -A structure in animal cells containing centrioles from which the spindle
fibers develop. Also contains pericentriolar material
Cerebellum - Answer -the "little brain" at the rear of the brainstem; functions include processing
sensory input and coordinating movement output and balance
cerebral cortex - Answer -The intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells covering the cerebral
hemispheres; the body's ultimate control and information-processing center.
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) - Answer -plasma-like clear fluid circulating in and around the brain and
spinal cord
Update Comprehensive Questions with
Correct Answers Graded A+ Perfect
Score Download!!!
12 systems of the body - Answer -
intergumentary,skeletal,muscular,nervous,endocrine,cardiovascular,respiratory,lymphatic,inmune,digesti
ve,urinary, reproductive.
A (aminoacyl) Site - Answer -binds the tRNA carrying the next amino acid to be added to the
growing polypeptide
A solution with more Hydrogen would considered basic or acid and would be greater or lesser than 7? -
Answer -A solution with more hydrogen (+) would be more acid and be less than 7.
A solution with more OH- than H+ would be considered basic or acidic and would be greater or lesser
than 7? - Answer -a solution with more OH- would be more basic and would fall greater than 7 on
the Ph scale.
A triglyceride that is liquid at room temperature is considered to be... - Answer -An Oil
A triglyceride that is solid at room temperature is considered a... - Answer -fat
A valence shell that is chemically stable - Answer -has 8 electrons and is unlikely to form other
bonds with other atoms
A-fibers - Answer -Lg diameter myelinated urgent info
Absorption - Answer -The process by which nutrient molecules pass through the wall of the
digestive system into the blood. Tends to occur in apical membrane
Absorption of glucose - Answer -1 Glucose moves across the apical membrane of an intestinal
epithelial cell via a Na+/glucose symporter, which mediates secondary active transport.
2 The low intracellular Na+ concentration needed to drive the symporter is maintained by the Na+/K+
ATPase (primary active transport) in the basolateral membrane.
3 Glucose diffuses through the cytosol and then moves across the basolateral membrane via a glucose
transporter (GLUT2), which mediates facilitated diffusion.
4 Glucose enters interstitial fluid and then diffuses into the blood.
Action potential vs graded - Answer -In axon
,Long distance short time
No refractory
In plasma membrane
Short distance longer time
Refractory
Actyl CoA - Answer -An important metabolic intermediate that links glycolysis and beta-oxidation
to the citric acid cycle; can also be converted into ketone bodies
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) - Answer -one of the principal chemical compounds that living
things use to store and release energy. Our "Energy Currency"
Adipocytes - Answer -fat cells, store triglycerides
Adrenocortical hormones - Answer -Help regulate metabolism, resistance to stress, and salt and
water balance.
Afferent division of PNS - Answer -carries sensory information from PNS sensory receptors to CNS.
Info about somatic and special senses
Agonist - Answer -a molecule that, by binding to a receptor site, stimulates a response
allosteric modulators - Answer -bind to a protein at a regulatory site. Can be inhibitors or
activators
Amphiphatic - Answer -A chemical or molecule that has a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail
used to transport fat.
They line up tail to tail in a double row to make up membranes
Anaphase - Answer -chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell
Anion - Answer -A negatively charged ion
Antagonist - Answer -Blocks receptor fro, messenger
Antiretrograde - Answer -Forward from cell body to axon terminal involves kinesins
apical membrane - Answer -the surface of an epithelial cell that faces a lumen, such as that of the
intestines
arachnoid villi - Answer -structures that return cerebrospinal fluid to the venous blood in the dural
sinuses
Asparatate - Answer -Excitatory, important in spinal cord
,associated areas - Answer -One of the major regions of the cerebral cortex; the site of higher
mental processes, such as thoughts, language, memory, and speech. Ie if you if you damage this area
you'd be able to see but wouldn't understand what you were saying
associative learning - Answer -learning that certain events occur together. Ringing a bell equals
dog salivating.
Astrocytes - Answer -Provide structural and metabolic support for neurons, form blood brain
barrier
Atomic Number - Answer -total number of protons in an atom
atomic weight/mass - Answer -the atomic mass of an elementis close to the mass number of its
most abundant isotope.
auditory association area - Answer -stores memories of sounds and permits perception of sounds
temporal lobe
Auquaporins - Answer -"water pores" that allow water to pass through cell membrane via osmosis.
Autocrine - Answer -term for hormones that act on same cells that secrete them aunts=slef
Autolysis - Answer -the spontaneous breakdown of cells as they self-digest
autonomic nervous system (ANS) - Answer -the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls
the glands and the muscles of the internal organs (such as the heart) INVOLUNTARY. Its sympathetic
division arouses " fight or flight"; its parasympathetic division calms "rest and digest".
Autophagy - Answer -A process in which lysosomes decompose damaged organelles to reuse their
organic monomers
Axon - Answer -the extension of a neuron, ending in branching terminal fibers, through which
messages pass to other neurons or to muscles or glands
axon diameter - Answer -the larger the diameter, the faster the impulse (less resistance)
Baroreceptors: - Answer -the receptors), pressure sensitive neurons located in the walls of certain
blood vessels, detect the higher pressure. These neurons send action potentials (input) to the brain
(control center)
Basel Nuclei/Basel Ganglia - Answer -Several masses of Grey matter found in different parts of the
brain also suppress unwanted movement initiates movement and regulates muscle tone
basement membrane - Answer -Layer between epithelium and underlying connective tissue
basolateral membrane - Answer -the cell membrane that faces away from the lumen of the GI
tract and toward the submucosa. In contact with interstitial fluid and and blood vesicles.
bile salts - Answer -cholesterol derivatives that function in fat emulsification and absorption
, biogenic amines - Answer -Simple hormones; water soluble; derived from amino acids; e.g,
epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine
Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) - Answer -physiological barrier between the circulatory system and the
central nervous system that establishes a privileged blood supply, restricting the flow of substances into
the CNS
Brainstem consists of - Answer -midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata
Broca's area (motor) - Answer -frontal lobe, usually in the left hemisphere, that directs the muscle
movements involved in speech. Gets input from wernicks area to generate though into speech
Carbohydrates - Answer -include sugars, glycogen, starches, and cellulose
-Function mainly as a source of chemical energy for generating ATP
carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system. - Answer -Carbonic acid (H2CO3) can act as a weakacid,
and the bicarbonate ion (HCO3−) can act as a weak base. Hence,this buf er system can compensate for
either an excess or a shortage ofH+.
cardiac muscle - Answer -Involuntary muscle tissue found only in the heart.
Cation - Answer -A positively charged ion
CDKs - Answer -Cyclin-dependent protein kinases; transfer phosphate group from ATP to a protein
to activate the protein. PIVOTAL for cell division
cell division phases - Answer -interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis
Cell-cell binding - Answer -surface molecules on two different cells bind to one another
cellular respiration steps - Answer -glycolysis, krebs cycle, electron transport chain
central canal - Answer -a fluid-filled channel in the center of the spinal cord
Centrioles - Answer -a minute cylindrical organelle near the nucleus in animal cells, occurring in
pairs and involved in the development of spindle fibers in cell division.
Centrosome - Answer -A structure in animal cells containing centrioles from which the spindle
fibers develop. Also contains pericentriolar material
Cerebellum - Answer -the "little brain" at the rear of the brainstem; functions include processing
sensory input and coordinating movement output and balance
cerebral cortex - Answer -The intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells covering the cerebral
hemispheres; the body's ultimate control and information-processing center.
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) - Answer -plasma-like clear fluid circulating in and around the brain and
spinal cord
