FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING EVOLVE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS 2024
Place the steps of the scientific method in their correct order with number 1 being the first step of the
process. 1. Formulate a question or hypothesis. 2. Evaluate results of the study. 3. Collect data. 4.
Identify the problem. 5. Test the question or hypothesis.
A) 4, 3, 1, 5, 2
B) 3, 4, 1, 2, 5
C) 4, 3, 2, 1, 5
D) 3, 4, 1, 5, 2 - ANSWER A
By using known criteria in conducting an assessment such as reviewing with a patient the typical
characteristics of pain, a nurse is demonstrating which critical thinking attitude?
A) Curiosity
B) Adequacy
C) Discipline
D) Thinking independently - ANSWER C
A nurse prepares to insert a Foley catheter. The procedure manual calls for the patient to lie in the dorsal
recumbent position. The patient complains of having back pain when lying on her back. Despite this, the
nurse positions the patient supine with knees flexed as the manual recommends and begins to insert the
catheter. This is an example of:
A) Accuracy.
B) Reflection.
C) Risk taking.
D) Basic critical thinking. - ANSWER D
A nurse on a busy medicine unit is assigned to four patients. It is 10 am. Two patients have medications
due and one of those has a specimen of urine to be collected. One patient is having complications from
surgery and is being prepared to return to the operating room. The fourth patient requires instructions
about activity restrictions before going home this afternoon. Which of the following should the nurse use
in making clinical decisions appropriate for the patient group?
,Select all that apply.
A) Consider availability of assistive personnel to obtain the specimen
B) Combine activities to resolve more than one patient problem
C) Analyze the diagnoses/problems and decide which are most urgent based on patients' needs
D) Plan a family conference for tomorrow to make decisions about resources the patient will need to go
home
E) Identify the nursing diagnoses for the patient going home - ANSWER A,B,C
A nurse changed a patient's surgical wound dressing the day before and now prepares for another
dressing change. The nurse had difficulty removing the gauze from the wound bed yesterday, causing the
patient discomfort. Today he gives the patient an analgesic 30 minutes before the dressing change. Then
he adds some sterile saline to loosen the gauze for a few minutes before removing it. The patient reports
that the procedure was much more comfortable. Which of the following describes the nurse's approach
to the dressing change?
Select all that apply.
A) Clinical inference
B) Basic critical thinking
C) Complex critical thinking
D) Experience
E) Reflection - ANSWER C,D
A nurse just started working at a well-baby clinic. One of her recent experiences was to help a mother
learn the steps of breastfeeding. During the first clinic visit the mother had difficulty positioning the baby
during feeding. After the visit the nurse considers what affected the inability of the mother to
breastfeed, including the mother's obesity and inexperience. The nurse's review of the situation is called:
A) Reflection.
B) Perseverance.
C) Intuition.
D) Problem solving. - ANSWER A
Which of the following describes a nurse's application of a specific knowledge base during critical
thinking?
Select all that apply.
,A) Initiative in reading current evidence from the literature
B) Application of nursing theory
C) Reviewing policy and procedure manual
D) Considering holistic view of patient needs
E)Previous time caring for a specific group of patients - ANSWER A,B,D
An aspect of clinical decision making is knowing the patient. Which of the following is the most critical
aspect of developing the ability to know the patient?
A) Working in multiple health care settings
B) Learning good communication skills
C) Spending time establishing relationships with patients
D) Relying on evidence in practice - ANSWER C
Match the concepts (LETTERS) for a critical thinker with the application of the term (NUMBERS)
A) Anticipate how a patient might respond to a treatment.
B) Organize assessment on the basis of patient priorities.
C) Be objective in asking questions of a patient.
D) Be tolerant of the patient's views and beliefs
1) Open-mindedness
2) Analyticity
3) Systematicity
4) Truth seeking - ANSWER A-2
B-3
C-4
D-1
A nurse enters a 72-year-old patient's home and begins to observe her behaviors and examine her
physical condition. The nurse learns that the patient lives alone and notices bruising on the patient's leg.
When watching the patient walk, the nurse notes that she has an unsteady gait and leans to one side.
, The patient admits to having fallen in the past. The nurse identifies the patient as having the nursing
diagnosis of Risk for Falls. This scenario is an example of:
A) Inference.
B) Basic critical thinking.
C) Evaluation.
D) Diagnostic reasoning. - ANSWER D
In which of the following examples is a nurse applying critical thinking skills in practice?
Select all that apply.
A)The nurse thinks back about a personal experience before administering a medication subcutaneously.
B) The nurse uses a pain-rating scale to measure a patient's pain.
C)The nurse explains a procedure step by step for giving an enema to a patient care technician.
D) The nurse gathers data on a patient with a mobility limitation to identify a nursing diagnosis.
E) A nurse offers support to a colleague who has witnessed a stressful event. - ANSWER A,B,D
A nurse is preparing medications for a patient. The nurse checks the name of the medication on the label
with the name of the medication on the doctor's order. At the bedside the nurse checks the patient's
name against the medication order as well. The nurse is following which critical thinking attitude:
A) Responsible
B) Complete
C) Accurate
D) Broad - ANSWER A
Two patient deaths have occurred on a medical unit in the last month. The staff notices that everyone
feels pressured and team members are getting into more arguments. As a nurse on the unit, what will
best help you manage this stress?
A) Keep a journal
B) Participate in a unit meeting to discuss feelings about the patient deaths
C) Ask the nurse manager to assign you to less difficult patients
D) Review the policy and procedure manual on proper care of patients after death - ANSWER B
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS 2024
Place the steps of the scientific method in their correct order with number 1 being the first step of the
process. 1. Formulate a question or hypothesis. 2. Evaluate results of the study. 3. Collect data. 4.
Identify the problem. 5. Test the question or hypothesis.
A) 4, 3, 1, 5, 2
B) 3, 4, 1, 2, 5
C) 4, 3, 2, 1, 5
D) 3, 4, 1, 5, 2 - ANSWER A
By using known criteria in conducting an assessment such as reviewing with a patient the typical
characteristics of pain, a nurse is demonstrating which critical thinking attitude?
A) Curiosity
B) Adequacy
C) Discipline
D) Thinking independently - ANSWER C
A nurse prepares to insert a Foley catheter. The procedure manual calls for the patient to lie in the dorsal
recumbent position. The patient complains of having back pain when lying on her back. Despite this, the
nurse positions the patient supine with knees flexed as the manual recommends and begins to insert the
catheter. This is an example of:
A) Accuracy.
B) Reflection.
C) Risk taking.
D) Basic critical thinking. - ANSWER D
A nurse on a busy medicine unit is assigned to four patients. It is 10 am. Two patients have medications
due and one of those has a specimen of urine to be collected. One patient is having complications from
surgery and is being prepared to return to the operating room. The fourth patient requires instructions
about activity restrictions before going home this afternoon. Which of the following should the nurse use
in making clinical decisions appropriate for the patient group?
,Select all that apply.
A) Consider availability of assistive personnel to obtain the specimen
B) Combine activities to resolve more than one patient problem
C) Analyze the diagnoses/problems and decide which are most urgent based on patients' needs
D) Plan a family conference for tomorrow to make decisions about resources the patient will need to go
home
E) Identify the nursing diagnoses for the patient going home - ANSWER A,B,C
A nurse changed a patient's surgical wound dressing the day before and now prepares for another
dressing change. The nurse had difficulty removing the gauze from the wound bed yesterday, causing the
patient discomfort. Today he gives the patient an analgesic 30 minutes before the dressing change. Then
he adds some sterile saline to loosen the gauze for a few minutes before removing it. The patient reports
that the procedure was much more comfortable. Which of the following describes the nurse's approach
to the dressing change?
Select all that apply.
A) Clinical inference
B) Basic critical thinking
C) Complex critical thinking
D) Experience
E) Reflection - ANSWER C,D
A nurse just started working at a well-baby clinic. One of her recent experiences was to help a mother
learn the steps of breastfeeding. During the first clinic visit the mother had difficulty positioning the baby
during feeding. After the visit the nurse considers what affected the inability of the mother to
breastfeed, including the mother's obesity and inexperience. The nurse's review of the situation is called:
A) Reflection.
B) Perseverance.
C) Intuition.
D) Problem solving. - ANSWER A
Which of the following describes a nurse's application of a specific knowledge base during critical
thinking?
Select all that apply.
,A) Initiative in reading current evidence from the literature
B) Application of nursing theory
C) Reviewing policy and procedure manual
D) Considering holistic view of patient needs
E)Previous time caring for a specific group of patients - ANSWER A,B,D
An aspect of clinical decision making is knowing the patient. Which of the following is the most critical
aspect of developing the ability to know the patient?
A) Working in multiple health care settings
B) Learning good communication skills
C) Spending time establishing relationships with patients
D) Relying on evidence in practice - ANSWER C
Match the concepts (LETTERS) for a critical thinker with the application of the term (NUMBERS)
A) Anticipate how a patient might respond to a treatment.
B) Organize assessment on the basis of patient priorities.
C) Be objective in asking questions of a patient.
D) Be tolerant of the patient's views and beliefs
1) Open-mindedness
2) Analyticity
3) Systematicity
4) Truth seeking - ANSWER A-2
B-3
C-4
D-1
A nurse enters a 72-year-old patient's home and begins to observe her behaviors and examine her
physical condition. The nurse learns that the patient lives alone and notices bruising on the patient's leg.
When watching the patient walk, the nurse notes that she has an unsteady gait and leans to one side.
, The patient admits to having fallen in the past. The nurse identifies the patient as having the nursing
diagnosis of Risk for Falls. This scenario is an example of:
A) Inference.
B) Basic critical thinking.
C) Evaluation.
D) Diagnostic reasoning. - ANSWER D
In which of the following examples is a nurse applying critical thinking skills in practice?
Select all that apply.
A)The nurse thinks back about a personal experience before administering a medication subcutaneously.
B) The nurse uses a pain-rating scale to measure a patient's pain.
C)The nurse explains a procedure step by step for giving an enema to a patient care technician.
D) The nurse gathers data on a patient with a mobility limitation to identify a nursing diagnosis.
E) A nurse offers support to a colleague who has witnessed a stressful event. - ANSWER A,B,D
A nurse is preparing medications for a patient. The nurse checks the name of the medication on the label
with the name of the medication on the doctor's order. At the bedside the nurse checks the patient's
name against the medication order as well. The nurse is following which critical thinking attitude:
A) Responsible
B) Complete
C) Accurate
D) Broad - ANSWER A
Two patient deaths have occurred on a medical unit in the last month. The staff notices that everyone
feels pressured and team members are getting into more arguments. As a nurse on the unit, what will
best help you manage this stress?
A) Keep a journal
B) Participate in a unit meeting to discuss feelings about the patient deaths
C) Ask the nurse manager to assign you to less difficult patients
D) Review the policy and procedure manual on proper care of patients after death - ANSWER B
