, Essential Equations
CHAPTER 2 Ventilation
4 ST
Laplace’s law—two liquid-gas interfaces: P 5 ____
Transairway pressure: Pta 5 Pm 2 Palv r
Transmural pressure: Ptm 5 Piaw 2 Poaw . Pr4
Poiseuille’s law for flow: V 5 ____
8l
Transpulmonary pressure: Ptp 5 Palv 2 Ppl .
V 8l
Poiseuille’s law for pressure: P 5 ____
Transthoracic pressure: Ptt 5 Palv 2 Pbs r4
DP
Airway resistance: Raw 5 ___
.
DV
Lung compliance: CL 5 ___ V
DP DP (cm H2O) __________
DV (L)
Time constants: TC (sec) 5 __________
. 3
DP V (L/sec) DP (cm H2O)
Elastance: ___
DV (Raw) (CL)
.
2 ST
Laplace’s law—one liquid-gas interface: P 5 ____ Minute alveolar ventilation: VA 5 (VT 2 VD) 3 breaths/min
r
CHAPTER 4 The Diffusion of Pulmonary Gases
P1 3 V1
Boyle’s law (solving for volume): V2 5 _______ Dalton’s law: Gas A 1 Gas B 5 Gas A 1 B
P2
P1 3 V1
Boyle’s law (solving for pressure): P2 5 ______ Ideal alveolar gas equation: PAO 2 [PB 2 PH O] FIO 2 PaCO (1.25)
V2 2 2 2 2
. AD(P1 2 P2)
Charles’ law: V1/T1 5 V2/T2 Fick’s law: V gas < __________
T
Charles’ law (solving for volume): Henry’s law applied to solubility of CO2 and O2:
V1 3 T2 Solubility CO2 ______
___________ 0.592 24
V2 5 ______ 5 5 ___
T1 Solubility O2 0.0244 1
Graham’s law in comparing diffusion rates for CO2 and O2:
_______ ___
GMW O2
√_________
Diffusion rate for CO2 ____________ √ 32 5.6
Gay-Lussac’s law: P1/T1 = P2/T2 _________________ 5 5 ____
___ 5 ____
Diffusion rate for O2 √GMW CO2 √44 6.6
Combining Graham’s and Henry’s laws for
diffusion of CO2 and O2:
Gay-Lussac’s law (solving for pressure):
Diffusion rate for CO2 _____________
_________________ 5.6 3 0.592 20
P1 3 T2 5 5 ___
P2 5 ______ Diffusion rate for O2 6.6 3 0.0244 1
T1
CHAPTER 5 The Anatomy and Physiology of the Circulatory System
SBP 1 (2 3 DBP)
Mean arterial blood pressure: MAP 5 _________________
3
Cardiac output: CO = SV 3 HR
Blood pressure: BP = CO 3 SVR
MAP
Vascular resistance: _____
CO
(continues on inside back cover)
Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has
deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
, Cardiopulmonary
Anatomy & Physiology
Essentials of Respiratory Care
Sixth Edition
Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has
deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
, Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has
deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
CHAPTER 2 Ventilation
4 ST
Laplace’s law—two liquid-gas interfaces: P 5 ____
Transairway pressure: Pta 5 Pm 2 Palv r
Transmural pressure: Ptm 5 Piaw 2 Poaw . Pr4
Poiseuille’s law for flow: V 5 ____
8l
Transpulmonary pressure: Ptp 5 Palv 2 Ppl .
V 8l
Poiseuille’s law for pressure: P 5 ____
Transthoracic pressure: Ptt 5 Palv 2 Pbs r4
DP
Airway resistance: Raw 5 ___
.
DV
Lung compliance: CL 5 ___ V
DP DP (cm H2O) __________
DV (L)
Time constants: TC (sec) 5 __________
. 3
DP V (L/sec) DP (cm H2O)
Elastance: ___
DV (Raw) (CL)
.
2 ST
Laplace’s law—one liquid-gas interface: P 5 ____ Minute alveolar ventilation: VA 5 (VT 2 VD) 3 breaths/min
r
CHAPTER 4 The Diffusion of Pulmonary Gases
P1 3 V1
Boyle’s law (solving for volume): V2 5 _______ Dalton’s law: Gas A 1 Gas B 5 Gas A 1 B
P2
P1 3 V1
Boyle’s law (solving for pressure): P2 5 ______ Ideal alveolar gas equation: PAO 2 [PB 2 PH O] FIO 2 PaCO (1.25)
V2 2 2 2 2
. AD(P1 2 P2)
Charles’ law: V1/T1 5 V2/T2 Fick’s law: V gas < __________
T
Charles’ law (solving for volume): Henry’s law applied to solubility of CO2 and O2:
V1 3 T2 Solubility CO2 ______
___________ 0.592 24
V2 5 ______ 5 5 ___
T1 Solubility O2 0.0244 1
Graham’s law in comparing diffusion rates for CO2 and O2:
_______ ___
GMW O2
√_________
Diffusion rate for CO2 ____________ √ 32 5.6
Gay-Lussac’s law: P1/T1 = P2/T2 _________________ 5 5 ____
___ 5 ____
Diffusion rate for O2 √GMW CO2 √44 6.6
Combining Graham’s and Henry’s laws for
diffusion of CO2 and O2:
Gay-Lussac’s law (solving for pressure):
Diffusion rate for CO2 _____________
_________________ 5.6 3 0.592 20
P1 3 T2 5 5 ___
P2 5 ______ Diffusion rate for O2 6.6 3 0.0244 1
T1
CHAPTER 5 The Anatomy and Physiology of the Circulatory System
SBP 1 (2 3 DBP)
Mean arterial blood pressure: MAP 5 _________________
3
Cardiac output: CO = SV 3 HR
Blood pressure: BP = CO 3 SVR
MAP
Vascular resistance: _____
CO
(continues on inside back cover)
Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has
deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
, Cardiopulmonary
Anatomy & Physiology
Essentials of Respiratory Care
Sixth Edition
Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has
deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
, Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has
deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
