NUR2063 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
VERIFED SOLUTIONS 2024
What is the difference between a sign and a symptom? - ANSWER Sign - Objective (Erythema, Edema,
lesion)
Symptom - Subjective (Headache, sore, tired)
Na - Sodium - ANSWER 136-144 mEq
Hyponatremia - anorexia, gastrointestinal upset, poor skin turgor, dry mucous membranes, blood
pressure changes, pulse changes, edema, headache, lethargy, confusion, diminished deep tendon
reflexes, muscle weakness, seizures, and coma |
Hypernatremia - increased temperature, warm and flushed skin, dry and sticky mucous membranes,
dysphagia, increased thirst, irritability, agitation, weakness, headache, seizures
K - Potassium - ANSWER o 3.7-5.2 mEq |
Hypokalemia - muscle weakness, paresthesia, hyporeflexia, leg cramps, weak and irregular pulse,
hypotension, dysrhythmias, electrocardiogram changes, decreased bowel sounds, abdominal distension,
constipation, ileus, and cardiac arrest|
Hyperkalemia - paresthesia, muscle weakness, flaccid paralysis, bradycardia, dysrhythmias,
electrocardiogram changes, cardiac arrest, respiratory depression, abdominal cramping, nausea, and
diarrhea
Mg - Magnesium - ANSWER .8-2.5 mEq | Hypermagnesemia - Same as hypercalcemia |
Hypomagnesemia - same as hypocalcemia
Ca - Calcium - ANSWER 4 - 5 mEq |
,Hypercalcemia - dysrhythmias, electrocardiogram changes, personality changes, confusion, decreased
memory, headache, lethargy, stupor, coma, muscle weakness, decreased deep tendon reflexes, anorexia,
nausea, vomiting, constipation, abdominal pain, pancreatitis, renal calculi, polyuria, and dehydration |
Hypocalcemia - dysrhythmias, electrocardiogram changes, increased bleeding tendencies, anxiety,
confusion, depression, irritability, fatigue, lethargy, paresthesia, increased deep tendon reflexes, tremors,
muscle spasms, seizures, laryngeal spasms, increased bowel sounds, abdominal cramping, and positive
Trousseau's and Chvostek's signs
P - Phosphorus - ANSWER .5 - 4.5 mg |
Hyperphosphatemia - dysrhythmias, electrocardiogram changes, increased bleeding tendencies, anxiety,
confusion, depression, irritability, fatigue, lethargy, paresthesia, increased deep tendon reflexes, tremors,
muscle spasms, seizures, laryngeal spasms, increased bowel sounds, abdominal cramping, and positive
Trousseau's and Chvostek's signs
Hypophosphatemia - dysrhythmias, electrocardiogram changes, personality changes, confusion,
decreased memory, headache, lethargy, stupor, coma, muscle weakness, decreased deep tendon
reflexes, anorexia, nausea, vomiting,
Function of ribosomes - ANSWER Synthesizes proteins
· Hypervolemia - ANSWER Fluid volume excess in intravascular space
· Hypovolemia - ANSWER Fluid volume deficit in intravascular space
· Homeostasis - ANSWER State of balance - reached by positive and negative feedback - self regulated
· How does a vaccine provide immunity? - ANSWER Active immunity - antigen exposure
· Active immunity - ANSWER Vaccine, or having the virus - Body builds immunity through exposure
, · Passive immunity - ANSWER Receiving antibodies from external source - breastfeeding
· identify examples of malignant cells - ANSWER Rapid growing, metastasis, fatal, undifferentiated
· Assessment findings for localized inflammation - ANSWER Destroyed tissue, redness, swelling, heat,
pain, function loss
o Type I: IgE mediated - ANSWER Hay fever, food allergy, anaphylaxis
o Type II IgM/IgG: cytotoxic hypersensitivity reaction - ANSWER Blood transfusion reaction,
erythroblastosis fetalis
o Type III: immune complex-mediated - ANSWER Autoimmune conditions - Lupus
o Type IV: delayed hypersensitivity reaction - ANSWER Tuberculin skin testing, transplant reactions,
contact dermatitis
· What findings would you expect in someone with an anaphylactic reaction? - ANSWER Bronchodilation,
airway constriction,
Manifestations of a type 1 hypersensitivity - ANSWER GI allergy
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain
Skin manifestations
Urticaria (hives)
Mucosa allergens
Conjunctivitis, rhinitis, asthma
Lung allergens
Bronchospasm, edema, thick secretions
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
VERIFED SOLUTIONS 2024
What is the difference between a sign and a symptom? - ANSWER Sign - Objective (Erythema, Edema,
lesion)
Symptom - Subjective (Headache, sore, tired)
Na - Sodium - ANSWER 136-144 mEq
Hyponatremia - anorexia, gastrointestinal upset, poor skin turgor, dry mucous membranes, blood
pressure changes, pulse changes, edema, headache, lethargy, confusion, diminished deep tendon
reflexes, muscle weakness, seizures, and coma |
Hypernatremia - increased temperature, warm and flushed skin, dry and sticky mucous membranes,
dysphagia, increased thirst, irritability, agitation, weakness, headache, seizures
K - Potassium - ANSWER o 3.7-5.2 mEq |
Hypokalemia - muscle weakness, paresthesia, hyporeflexia, leg cramps, weak and irregular pulse,
hypotension, dysrhythmias, electrocardiogram changes, decreased bowel sounds, abdominal distension,
constipation, ileus, and cardiac arrest|
Hyperkalemia - paresthesia, muscle weakness, flaccid paralysis, bradycardia, dysrhythmias,
electrocardiogram changes, cardiac arrest, respiratory depression, abdominal cramping, nausea, and
diarrhea
Mg - Magnesium - ANSWER .8-2.5 mEq | Hypermagnesemia - Same as hypercalcemia |
Hypomagnesemia - same as hypocalcemia
Ca - Calcium - ANSWER 4 - 5 mEq |
,Hypercalcemia - dysrhythmias, electrocardiogram changes, personality changes, confusion, decreased
memory, headache, lethargy, stupor, coma, muscle weakness, decreased deep tendon reflexes, anorexia,
nausea, vomiting, constipation, abdominal pain, pancreatitis, renal calculi, polyuria, and dehydration |
Hypocalcemia - dysrhythmias, electrocardiogram changes, increased bleeding tendencies, anxiety,
confusion, depression, irritability, fatigue, lethargy, paresthesia, increased deep tendon reflexes, tremors,
muscle spasms, seizures, laryngeal spasms, increased bowel sounds, abdominal cramping, and positive
Trousseau's and Chvostek's signs
P - Phosphorus - ANSWER .5 - 4.5 mg |
Hyperphosphatemia - dysrhythmias, electrocardiogram changes, increased bleeding tendencies, anxiety,
confusion, depression, irritability, fatigue, lethargy, paresthesia, increased deep tendon reflexes, tremors,
muscle spasms, seizures, laryngeal spasms, increased bowel sounds, abdominal cramping, and positive
Trousseau's and Chvostek's signs
Hypophosphatemia - dysrhythmias, electrocardiogram changes, personality changes, confusion,
decreased memory, headache, lethargy, stupor, coma, muscle weakness, decreased deep tendon
reflexes, anorexia, nausea, vomiting,
Function of ribosomes - ANSWER Synthesizes proteins
· Hypervolemia - ANSWER Fluid volume excess in intravascular space
· Hypovolemia - ANSWER Fluid volume deficit in intravascular space
· Homeostasis - ANSWER State of balance - reached by positive and negative feedback - self regulated
· How does a vaccine provide immunity? - ANSWER Active immunity - antigen exposure
· Active immunity - ANSWER Vaccine, or having the virus - Body builds immunity through exposure
, · Passive immunity - ANSWER Receiving antibodies from external source - breastfeeding
· identify examples of malignant cells - ANSWER Rapid growing, metastasis, fatal, undifferentiated
· Assessment findings for localized inflammation - ANSWER Destroyed tissue, redness, swelling, heat,
pain, function loss
o Type I: IgE mediated - ANSWER Hay fever, food allergy, anaphylaxis
o Type II IgM/IgG: cytotoxic hypersensitivity reaction - ANSWER Blood transfusion reaction,
erythroblastosis fetalis
o Type III: immune complex-mediated - ANSWER Autoimmune conditions - Lupus
o Type IV: delayed hypersensitivity reaction - ANSWER Tuberculin skin testing, transplant reactions,
contact dermatitis
· What findings would you expect in someone with an anaphylactic reaction? - ANSWER Bronchodilation,
airway constriction,
Manifestations of a type 1 hypersensitivity - ANSWER GI allergy
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain
Skin manifestations
Urticaria (hives)
Mucosa allergens
Conjunctivitis, rhinitis, asthma
Lung allergens
Bronchospasm, edema, thick secretions
