PUBH 201 Exam 2
Adolescent health burdens - correct answer ✔✔Mortality rates are low in adolescents compared with
other age groups and have shown a slight decline in the past decade. Nearly 35% of the global burden of
disease has roots in adolescence
Adolescent mortality - correct answer ✔✔the leading causes of death among adolescents in 2012 were:
1. Road injury, 2. HIV, 3. Suicide, 4. Lower respiratory infections, 5. Interpersonal violence. Teenage
mortality is an important public health issue because the majority of deaths among teenagers are cause
by external causes of injury. These causes of death are, by definition, preventable
Albedo - correct answer ✔✔a measure of how much light that hits a surface is reflected without being
absorbed
Ambient air pollution - correct answer ✔✔concentrations of ozone, particulate matter, sulphur dioxide,
nitrogen dioxide, lead. Additional: carbon monoxide, volatile organic compounds include benzene (VOCs)
Anemia - correct answer ✔✔a condition marked by a deficiency of red blood cells or of hemoglobin in
the blood, resulting in pallor and weariness
Arctic ice loss - correct answer ✔✔data shows that since the late 1970s, Arctic sea ice extent has
decreased by about 12% per decade
Arsenic - correct answer ✔✔highly poisonous chemical element used to make insecticides, weed killers,
and various alloys
Asphyxia - correct answer ✔✔a condition arising when the body is deprived of oxygen, causing
unconsciousness or death; suffocation
Black-body radiation (long wave) - correct answer ✔✔refers to an opaque object that emits thermal
radiation. A perfect blackbody is one that absorbs all incoming light and does not reflect any. At room
temperature, such an object would appear to be perfectly black
, BMI - correct answer ✔✔a person's weight in kilograms (kg) divided by his or her height in meters
squared.
Carbon dioxide (CO2) - correct answer ✔✔a colorless, odorless gas produced by burning carbon and
organic compounds and by respiration. It is naturally present in air (about 0.03 percent) and is absorbed
by photosynthesis.
Carbon reservoirs and sinks - correct answer ✔✔a natural or artificial reservoir that accumulates and
stores some carbon-containing chemical compound for an indefinite period. The process by which
carbon sinks remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is known as carbon sequestration.
Climate change - correct answer ✔✔a change in global or regional climate patterns, in particular a
change apparent from the mid to late 20th century onwards and attributed largely to the increased
levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide produced by the use of fossil fuels
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) - correct answer ✔✔any of a class of compounds of carbon, hydrogen,
chlorine, and fluorine, typically gases used in refrigerants and aerosol propellants. They are harmful to
the ozone layer in the earth's atmosphere owing to the release of chlorine atoms upon exposure to
ultraviolet radiation
COPD* - correct answer ✔✔Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a lung disease characterized by
chronic obstruction of lung airflow that interferes with normal breathing and is not fully reversible. The
more familiar terms 'chronic bronchitis' and 'emphysema' are no longer used, but are now included
within the COPD diagnosis
Coral Reef bleaching - correct answer ✔✔the loss of endosymbiotic algae from the coral, either through
expulsion or loss of algal pigmentation
DALY* - correct answer ✔✔the disability-adjusted life year is a measure of overall disease burden,
expressed as the number of years lost due to ill-health, disability or early death. It was developed in the
1990s as a way of comparing the overall health and life expectancy of different countries
Deforestation - correct answer ✔✔the act or result of cutting down or burning all the trees in an area
Adolescent health burdens - correct answer ✔✔Mortality rates are low in adolescents compared with
other age groups and have shown a slight decline in the past decade. Nearly 35% of the global burden of
disease has roots in adolescence
Adolescent mortality - correct answer ✔✔the leading causes of death among adolescents in 2012 were:
1. Road injury, 2. HIV, 3. Suicide, 4. Lower respiratory infections, 5. Interpersonal violence. Teenage
mortality is an important public health issue because the majority of deaths among teenagers are cause
by external causes of injury. These causes of death are, by definition, preventable
Albedo - correct answer ✔✔a measure of how much light that hits a surface is reflected without being
absorbed
Ambient air pollution - correct answer ✔✔concentrations of ozone, particulate matter, sulphur dioxide,
nitrogen dioxide, lead. Additional: carbon monoxide, volatile organic compounds include benzene (VOCs)
Anemia - correct answer ✔✔a condition marked by a deficiency of red blood cells or of hemoglobin in
the blood, resulting in pallor and weariness
Arctic ice loss - correct answer ✔✔data shows that since the late 1970s, Arctic sea ice extent has
decreased by about 12% per decade
Arsenic - correct answer ✔✔highly poisonous chemical element used to make insecticides, weed killers,
and various alloys
Asphyxia - correct answer ✔✔a condition arising when the body is deprived of oxygen, causing
unconsciousness or death; suffocation
Black-body radiation (long wave) - correct answer ✔✔refers to an opaque object that emits thermal
radiation. A perfect blackbody is one that absorbs all incoming light and does not reflect any. At room
temperature, such an object would appear to be perfectly black
, BMI - correct answer ✔✔a person's weight in kilograms (kg) divided by his or her height in meters
squared.
Carbon dioxide (CO2) - correct answer ✔✔a colorless, odorless gas produced by burning carbon and
organic compounds and by respiration. It is naturally present in air (about 0.03 percent) and is absorbed
by photosynthesis.
Carbon reservoirs and sinks - correct answer ✔✔a natural or artificial reservoir that accumulates and
stores some carbon-containing chemical compound for an indefinite period. The process by which
carbon sinks remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is known as carbon sequestration.
Climate change - correct answer ✔✔a change in global or regional climate patterns, in particular a
change apparent from the mid to late 20th century onwards and attributed largely to the increased
levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide produced by the use of fossil fuels
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) - correct answer ✔✔any of a class of compounds of carbon, hydrogen,
chlorine, and fluorine, typically gases used in refrigerants and aerosol propellants. They are harmful to
the ozone layer in the earth's atmosphere owing to the release of chlorine atoms upon exposure to
ultraviolet radiation
COPD* - correct answer ✔✔Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a lung disease characterized by
chronic obstruction of lung airflow that interferes with normal breathing and is not fully reversible. The
more familiar terms 'chronic bronchitis' and 'emphysema' are no longer used, but are now included
within the COPD diagnosis
Coral Reef bleaching - correct answer ✔✔the loss of endosymbiotic algae from the coral, either through
expulsion or loss of algal pigmentation
DALY* - correct answer ✔✔the disability-adjusted life year is a measure of overall disease burden,
expressed as the number of years lost due to ill-health, disability or early death. It was developed in the
1990s as a way of comparing the overall health and life expectancy of different countries
Deforestation - correct answer ✔✔the act or result of cutting down or burning all the trees in an area
