PUBH 201 CH 12
Early Colonial Period - correct answer ✔✔European settlers brought diseases which killed Native
American populations.
• Beset with starvation and malnutrition.
• Land and climate of the colonies were considered healthful.
• Population increases accompanied by establishment of common infectious diseases:
• Smallpox
• Malaria
• Diarrhea
• Measles
• Mumps
• Scarlet fever
• Diphtheria
Growing Colonies - correct answer ✔✔• Population growth brings challenges, especially when there is
no
infrastructure to handle growth.
• Migration and trade also contribute.
• Shifting thinking from humoral theory to miasmatic theory.
Infectious disease outbreaks
• Bubonic plague (1665)
• Smallpox (Philadelphia, 1738)
• Small pox and yellow fever (New York, 1730s)
• Response: quarantine
• On incoming ships and in pesthouses
• Response: inoculation
Sanitation:
, • Street cleaning
• New York (1712): Scavengers hired.
• Drainage
• Often individual responsibility
• Markets were a problem
• Drains become filth receptacles
• Nuisance industries
• Tanning, bone boiling, slaughtering, butchering, fishmongering, clothes dying, starch making.
• Water supply
• Poor care
Young America - correct answer ✔✔• Mobility during the Revolutionary War spread disease, esp. enteric
and respiratory infections.
• Crowding, inadequate and poorly cooked food, sickness, disease all
contributed to deaths ~9x those from battle injuries.
• The war was generally disruptive.
• Post-war, cities grew but little changed in terms of sanitation, food
safety, drainage, and water supply.
• The business of creating a new country made health a minor concern.
• Yellow fever epidemic of 1793
• Changed everything
• Health Boards
• Asserted a governmental role in public health.
• Mandated quarantine, public street cleaning, water supply.
• Local responses differed by city
American Individualism - correct answer ✔✔• Health boards began forming from 1790s to 1830s
• But were generally temporary.
• Composed of laymen.
Early Colonial Period - correct answer ✔✔European settlers brought diseases which killed Native
American populations.
• Beset with starvation and malnutrition.
• Land and climate of the colonies were considered healthful.
• Population increases accompanied by establishment of common infectious diseases:
• Smallpox
• Malaria
• Diarrhea
• Measles
• Mumps
• Scarlet fever
• Diphtheria
Growing Colonies - correct answer ✔✔• Population growth brings challenges, especially when there is
no
infrastructure to handle growth.
• Migration and trade also contribute.
• Shifting thinking from humoral theory to miasmatic theory.
Infectious disease outbreaks
• Bubonic plague (1665)
• Smallpox (Philadelphia, 1738)
• Small pox and yellow fever (New York, 1730s)
• Response: quarantine
• On incoming ships and in pesthouses
• Response: inoculation
Sanitation:
, • Street cleaning
• New York (1712): Scavengers hired.
• Drainage
• Often individual responsibility
• Markets were a problem
• Drains become filth receptacles
• Nuisance industries
• Tanning, bone boiling, slaughtering, butchering, fishmongering, clothes dying, starch making.
• Water supply
• Poor care
Young America - correct answer ✔✔• Mobility during the Revolutionary War spread disease, esp. enteric
and respiratory infections.
• Crowding, inadequate and poorly cooked food, sickness, disease all
contributed to deaths ~9x those from battle injuries.
• The war was generally disruptive.
• Post-war, cities grew but little changed in terms of sanitation, food
safety, drainage, and water supply.
• The business of creating a new country made health a minor concern.
• Yellow fever epidemic of 1793
• Changed everything
• Health Boards
• Asserted a governmental role in public health.
• Mandated quarantine, public street cleaning, water supply.
• Local responses differed by city
American Individualism - correct answer ✔✔• Health boards began forming from 1790s to 1830s
• But were generally temporary.
• Composed of laymen.
