Pubh 201 ch.3-5
Socioeconomic status (SES) = socioeconomic position (SEP) - correct answer ✔✔describes an individual's
standing in a society based on individual and household income, education, gender, occupation,
ethnicity and race, and other characteristics that exist within a broader cultural, social, political, and
policy environment.
Social determinants of health - correct answer ✔✔personal factors and community conditions that
enable or hinder access to health are collectively.
People with lower SES - correct answer ✔✔have significantly reduced health status compared to people
from higher SES populations
Health disparity= health inequality - correct answer ✔✔an avoidable difference in health status between
population groups
Inequity - correct answer ✔✔a health inequality that is considered to be unfair and unjust.
Human Development Index (HDI) - correct answer ✔✔estimate of national development based on
composite data on longevity (life expectancy at birth), knowledge (such as the mean and expected years
of schooling), and income (GNI per capita in purchasing power parity dollars).
The HDI has increased in most countries over the past 25 years - correct answer ✔✔but there are
significant gaps between the richest countries and the poorest countries
Higher HDI - correct answer ✔✔is correlated with better health status and greater levels of happiness.
Sustainable Development Goal 1 (SDG 1) - correct answer ✔✔sets an ambitious goal of "ending poverty
in all its forms everywhere."
,Extreme poverty - correct answer ✔✔surviving on less income than an international poverty line,
typically set at an income of less than $1 or $2 per person per day.
Relative poverty - correct answer ✔✔living on less than the nationally defined poverty line
Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) - correct answer ✔✔combines data about health, education, and
standard of living.
Income - correct answer ✔✔the amount of take-home pay earned by household members in a time
period (such as a week or a year)
Wealth - correct answer ✔✔the accumulated worth of the household's resources; can include a house,
car, television or radio, livestock, and other consumer goods
Purchasing power parity (PPP) - correct answer ✔✔adjusts an economic metric based on how many
goods, services, and other products can be purchased in each country with a fixed amount of money.
small increases in economic indicators - correct answer ✔✔are associated with significant improvements
in health status.
Gini index - correct answer ✔✔a measure of the inequality in the distribution of incomes within a
particular country, with 0 indicating complete inequality and 1 indicating complete equality
Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG 4) - correct answer ✔✔aims to "ensure inclusive and equitable
quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all," starting with access to early
childhood education (SDG 4.2), and continuing with access for all girls and boys to primary and
secondary education (SDG 4.1) and then to technical, vocational, or university education (SDG 4.3).
Literacy - correct answer ✔✔the ability to read and write and to apply those communication skills.
Functional literacy - correct answer ✔✔the ability to understand written words well enough to complete
normal daily tasks
, Health literacy - correct answer ✔✔the ability to access, understand, and apply health information
Sustainable Development Goal 5 (SDG 5) - correct answer ✔✔aims to "achieve gender equality and
empower all women and girls.
Women and girls - correct answer ✔✔face different health challenges than men and boys because of
both biological characteristics related to sex and social structures related to gender
Sex - correct answer ✔✔the biological classification of people as male or female based on genetics (such
as the presence of XX or XY sex chromosomes) and reproductive anatomy
Gender - correct answer ✔✔social, cultural, and psychological aspects of being male or female that are
shaped by the sociocultural environment and experience in addition to biology
Gender roles - correct answer ✔✔describe how a culture believes men and women should behave.
Sustainable Development Goal 8 (SDG 8) - correct answer ✔✔aims to "promote sustained, inclusive, and
sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment, and decent work for all."
Unemployment - correct answer ✔✔occurs when a person who is not working for pay is unable to
secure a position despite actively seeking a paid job.
Underemployment - correct answer ✔✔occurs when a person is involuntarily working part-time rather
than full-time or is a low-wage worker whose earnings are below the local poverty level even after
working long hours.
Being unemployed or underemployed - correct answer ✔✔can be detrimental to mental and physical
health status.
Employment, economics, and education - correct answer ✔✔are interrelated.
Social status - correct answer ✔✔the social and economic positions of individuals or groups within
Socioeconomic status (SES) = socioeconomic position (SEP) - correct answer ✔✔describes an individual's
standing in a society based on individual and household income, education, gender, occupation,
ethnicity and race, and other characteristics that exist within a broader cultural, social, political, and
policy environment.
Social determinants of health - correct answer ✔✔personal factors and community conditions that
enable or hinder access to health are collectively.
People with lower SES - correct answer ✔✔have significantly reduced health status compared to people
from higher SES populations
Health disparity= health inequality - correct answer ✔✔an avoidable difference in health status between
population groups
Inequity - correct answer ✔✔a health inequality that is considered to be unfair and unjust.
Human Development Index (HDI) - correct answer ✔✔estimate of national development based on
composite data on longevity (life expectancy at birth), knowledge (such as the mean and expected years
of schooling), and income (GNI per capita in purchasing power parity dollars).
The HDI has increased in most countries over the past 25 years - correct answer ✔✔but there are
significant gaps between the richest countries and the poorest countries
Higher HDI - correct answer ✔✔is correlated with better health status and greater levels of happiness.
Sustainable Development Goal 1 (SDG 1) - correct answer ✔✔sets an ambitious goal of "ending poverty
in all its forms everywhere."
,Extreme poverty - correct answer ✔✔surviving on less income than an international poverty line,
typically set at an income of less than $1 or $2 per person per day.
Relative poverty - correct answer ✔✔living on less than the nationally defined poverty line
Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) - correct answer ✔✔combines data about health, education, and
standard of living.
Income - correct answer ✔✔the amount of take-home pay earned by household members in a time
period (such as a week or a year)
Wealth - correct answer ✔✔the accumulated worth of the household's resources; can include a house,
car, television or radio, livestock, and other consumer goods
Purchasing power parity (PPP) - correct answer ✔✔adjusts an economic metric based on how many
goods, services, and other products can be purchased in each country with a fixed amount of money.
small increases in economic indicators - correct answer ✔✔are associated with significant improvements
in health status.
Gini index - correct answer ✔✔a measure of the inequality in the distribution of incomes within a
particular country, with 0 indicating complete inequality and 1 indicating complete equality
Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG 4) - correct answer ✔✔aims to "ensure inclusive and equitable
quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all," starting with access to early
childhood education (SDG 4.2), and continuing with access for all girls and boys to primary and
secondary education (SDG 4.1) and then to technical, vocational, or university education (SDG 4.3).
Literacy - correct answer ✔✔the ability to read and write and to apply those communication skills.
Functional literacy - correct answer ✔✔the ability to understand written words well enough to complete
normal daily tasks
, Health literacy - correct answer ✔✔the ability to access, understand, and apply health information
Sustainable Development Goal 5 (SDG 5) - correct answer ✔✔aims to "achieve gender equality and
empower all women and girls.
Women and girls - correct answer ✔✔face different health challenges than men and boys because of
both biological characteristics related to sex and social structures related to gender
Sex - correct answer ✔✔the biological classification of people as male or female based on genetics (such
as the presence of XX or XY sex chromosomes) and reproductive anatomy
Gender - correct answer ✔✔social, cultural, and psychological aspects of being male or female that are
shaped by the sociocultural environment and experience in addition to biology
Gender roles - correct answer ✔✔describe how a culture believes men and women should behave.
Sustainable Development Goal 8 (SDG 8) - correct answer ✔✔aims to "promote sustained, inclusive, and
sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment, and decent work for all."
Unemployment - correct answer ✔✔occurs when a person who is not working for pay is unable to
secure a position despite actively seeking a paid job.
Underemployment - correct answer ✔✔occurs when a person is involuntarily working part-time rather
than full-time or is a low-wage worker whose earnings are below the local poverty level even after
working long hours.
Being unemployed or underemployed - correct answer ✔✔can be detrimental to mental and physical
health status.
Employment, economics, and education - correct answer ✔✔are interrelated.
Social status - correct answer ✔✔the social and economic positions of individuals or groups within
