NURS 1140 Final Exam Questions &
Answers
ANTI-GLAUCOMA nDRUGS n- nANS-Drugs nThat nReduce nIntraocular nPressure nBy
nLowering nThe nAmount nOf nAqueous nHumor nIn nThe nEyeball, nReducing nIts
nProduction, nOr nIncreasing nIts nOutflow
OPHTHALMIC nCATEGORIES n- nANS-Cholinergic nDrugs n(Miotics)
Sympathomimetics n(Mydriatics)
Beta-Adrenergic nBlockers
Carbonic nAnnhydrase nInhibitors
Prostaglandin nAgonists
Lubricants nand nMoisturizers
Aminoglycosides
Macrolide nAntibiotics
Polypeptide nAntibiotics
Quinolone nAntibiotics
Sulfonamides
Corticosteroid
Diagnostic nDrugs= nCycloplegic nMydriatics
TYPES nOF nANTI-GLAUCOMA nDRUGS n- nANS-CHOLINERGIC nDRUGS
SYMPATHOMIMETICS
BETA-ADRENERGIC nBLOCKERS
CARBONIC nANHYDRASE nINHIBITORS
OSMOTIC nDIURETICS
PROSTAGLANDIN nAGONISTS
CHOLINERGIC nDRUGS n- nANS-These nDrugs nAre nMotifs. nThey nAre nAgents nThat
nStimulate nThe nParasympathetic nNervous nSystem nIn nThe nSame nManner nAs
nAcetylcholine.
There nAre nDirect nActing nAnd nIndirect nActing nDrugs.
INDIRECT nACTING nMIOTICS n- nANS-ECHOTHIOPHATE
ECHOTHIOPHATE n- nANS-Organophosphate nCholinesterase nInhibitor: nLess nLipid
nSoluble nThan nMost nOrganophosphates; nUsed nIn nGlaucoma. nLonger nLasting n- n7
nTo n28 nDays.
DIRECT nACTING nMIOTICS n- nANS-PILOCARPINE
CARBACHOL
,ACETYLCHOLINE
ACETYLCHOLINE
PILOCARPINE n- nANS-Direct nActing nCholinergic nDrug
Indication-Primary nOpen nAngled nAnd nAcute nAngle nClosure nGlaucoma nOr nOcular
nHypertension
Increases nAqueous nHumor nDrainage nAnd nDecreases nIntra-Ocular nPressure
Moa-Mimics nAcetylcholine nBy nStimulating nCholinergic nReceptors
Duration nOf nAction nPilocarpine= n4-8 nHours
Duration nOf nAction nAcetylcholine=10 nMin
Solution nOr nGel
SYMPATHOMIMETIC nDRUGS n- nANS-Mydriatic nDrug
Used nFor nThe nTreatment nOf nGlaucoma nAnd nOcular nHypertension.
They nMimic nThe nSympathetic nNeurotransmitters nNoepinephrine nAnd nEpinephrine.
TYPES nOF nSYMPATHOMIMETIC nDRUGS n- nANS-DIPIVEFRIN
APRACLONIDINE
DIPIVEFRIN n- nANS-AKA: nPropine
APRACLONIDINE n- nANS-AKA: nIopidine
BETA-ADRENERGIC nBLOCKERS n- nANS-An nOphthalmic nBeta nBlocker nThat
nReduces nBoth nElevated nAnd nNormal nIntra-Ocular nPressure. nThey nReduce nIntra-
Ocular nPressure nBy nReducing nAqueous nHumor nFormation.
TYPES nOF nBETA-ADRENERGIC nBLOCKERS n- nANS-BETAXOLOL
TIMOLOL
BETAXOLOL n- nANS-AKA: nBetoptic
Chronic nOpen-Angle nGlaucoma, nOcular nHtn
One nOf nThe nMost nPotent nAnd nSelective nBeta nBlocking nDrugs.
TIMOLOL n- nANS-AKA: nTimoptic
This nBeta nBlocker nIs nThe nOnly nOne nThat nMay nIncrease nThe nOutflow nOf nAqueous
nHumor nAs nWell nAs nDecrease nIts nFormation. nThis nIs nAvailable nIn nGel nAnd nLiquid
nForm.
CARBONIC nANHYDRASE nINHIBITORS n- nANS-Treats nGlaucoma nBy nDecreasing
nAqueous nHumor nProduction. n
Only nAvailable nIn nTopical nOphthalmic nForm. nThese nDrugs nWork nBy nInhibiting nThe
nEnzyme nCarbonic nAnhydrase, nWhich nResults nIn nDecreased nIntra-Ocular nPressure
nBy nReducing nAqueous nHumor nFormation. nPrimarily nUsed nFor nGlaucoma.
TYPES nOF nCARBONIC nANHYDRASE nINHIBITOR nDRUGS n- nANS-BRINZOLAMIDE
, DORZOLAMIDE
BRINZOLAMIDE n- nANS-AKA: nAzopt
DORZOLAMIDE n- nANS-AKA: nTrusopt
OSMOTIC nDIURETIC n- nANS-This nCategory nOf nDrugs nAre nAdministered nEither nIv,
nOrally, nOr nTopically nTo nReduce nIntra-Ocular nPressure. nThis nIs nDone nBy nCausing
nThe nBlood nTo nBecome nHypertonic nIn nRelation nTo nBoth nIntra-Ocular nAnd nSpinal
nFluids nCreating nAn nOsmotic nGradient nThat nDraws nWater nFrom nThe nAqueous nAnd
nVitreous nHumors. nThis nCauses nA nReduction nIn nThe nVolume nOf nIntra-Ocular
nFluid.
TYPES nOF nOSMOTIC nDIURETIC nDRUGS n- nANS-GLYCERIN
MANNITOL
GLYCERIN n- nANS-Used nTo nReduce nSuperficial nCorneal nEdema nOr nPre nAnd nPost
nOperatively. nLasts nFor n4-5 nHours
MANNITOL n- nANS-AKA: nOSMITROL
IV nINFUSION
This nIs nUsed nTo nLower nIntra-Ocular nPressure nWhen nOther nMethods nDo nNot
nWork. nLasts nFor n6-8 nHours
PROSTAGLANDIN nAGONIST n- nANS-The nNewest nClass nOf nDrugs nUsed nTo nTreat
nGlaucoma. nThese nWork nBy nReducing nIntra-Ocular nPressure nBy nIncreasing nThe
nOutflow nOf nAqueous nHumor. nA nSingle nDoes nLowers nIntra-Ocular nPressure nFor
n20-24 nHours.
TYPES nOF nPROSTAGLANDIN nDRUGS n- nANS-LATANOPROST
LATANOPROST n- nANS-Only nAvailable nIn nEyedrops nForm.
ANTIMICROBIAL nDRUGS n- nANS-Some nCommon nEye nInfections nMay nRequire
nAntibiotic nTherapy. nThe nChoice nOf nWhich nDrug nTo nChose nFrom nThis nCategory
nIs nBased nOn nClinical nExperience, nSensitivity nAnd nCharacteristics nOf nThe
nOrganisms nMost nLikely nTo nHave nCaused nThe nInfection, nCharacteristics nOf nThe
nDisease nItself, nPatients nResponse, nAnd nLab nResults.
METHOD nOF nACTION nOF nANTIMICROBIAL nDRUGS n- nANS-Topical nForms nWork
nTo nDestroy nThe nInvading nOrganism. nSome nWork nBy nDestroying nThe nOrganism
nAnd nSome nInhibit nIts nGrowth.
COMMON nOCULAR nINFECTIONS nTHAT nMAY nREQUIRE nANTIMICROBIAL
nDRUGS n- nANS-BLEPHARITIS
CONJUNCTIVITIS
Answers
ANTI-GLAUCOMA nDRUGS n- nANS-Drugs nThat nReduce nIntraocular nPressure nBy
nLowering nThe nAmount nOf nAqueous nHumor nIn nThe nEyeball, nReducing nIts
nProduction, nOr nIncreasing nIts nOutflow
OPHTHALMIC nCATEGORIES n- nANS-Cholinergic nDrugs n(Miotics)
Sympathomimetics n(Mydriatics)
Beta-Adrenergic nBlockers
Carbonic nAnnhydrase nInhibitors
Prostaglandin nAgonists
Lubricants nand nMoisturizers
Aminoglycosides
Macrolide nAntibiotics
Polypeptide nAntibiotics
Quinolone nAntibiotics
Sulfonamides
Corticosteroid
Diagnostic nDrugs= nCycloplegic nMydriatics
TYPES nOF nANTI-GLAUCOMA nDRUGS n- nANS-CHOLINERGIC nDRUGS
SYMPATHOMIMETICS
BETA-ADRENERGIC nBLOCKERS
CARBONIC nANHYDRASE nINHIBITORS
OSMOTIC nDIURETICS
PROSTAGLANDIN nAGONISTS
CHOLINERGIC nDRUGS n- nANS-These nDrugs nAre nMotifs. nThey nAre nAgents nThat
nStimulate nThe nParasympathetic nNervous nSystem nIn nThe nSame nManner nAs
nAcetylcholine.
There nAre nDirect nActing nAnd nIndirect nActing nDrugs.
INDIRECT nACTING nMIOTICS n- nANS-ECHOTHIOPHATE
ECHOTHIOPHATE n- nANS-Organophosphate nCholinesterase nInhibitor: nLess nLipid
nSoluble nThan nMost nOrganophosphates; nUsed nIn nGlaucoma. nLonger nLasting n- n7
nTo n28 nDays.
DIRECT nACTING nMIOTICS n- nANS-PILOCARPINE
CARBACHOL
,ACETYLCHOLINE
ACETYLCHOLINE
PILOCARPINE n- nANS-Direct nActing nCholinergic nDrug
Indication-Primary nOpen nAngled nAnd nAcute nAngle nClosure nGlaucoma nOr nOcular
nHypertension
Increases nAqueous nHumor nDrainage nAnd nDecreases nIntra-Ocular nPressure
Moa-Mimics nAcetylcholine nBy nStimulating nCholinergic nReceptors
Duration nOf nAction nPilocarpine= n4-8 nHours
Duration nOf nAction nAcetylcholine=10 nMin
Solution nOr nGel
SYMPATHOMIMETIC nDRUGS n- nANS-Mydriatic nDrug
Used nFor nThe nTreatment nOf nGlaucoma nAnd nOcular nHypertension.
They nMimic nThe nSympathetic nNeurotransmitters nNoepinephrine nAnd nEpinephrine.
TYPES nOF nSYMPATHOMIMETIC nDRUGS n- nANS-DIPIVEFRIN
APRACLONIDINE
DIPIVEFRIN n- nANS-AKA: nPropine
APRACLONIDINE n- nANS-AKA: nIopidine
BETA-ADRENERGIC nBLOCKERS n- nANS-An nOphthalmic nBeta nBlocker nThat
nReduces nBoth nElevated nAnd nNormal nIntra-Ocular nPressure. nThey nReduce nIntra-
Ocular nPressure nBy nReducing nAqueous nHumor nFormation.
TYPES nOF nBETA-ADRENERGIC nBLOCKERS n- nANS-BETAXOLOL
TIMOLOL
BETAXOLOL n- nANS-AKA: nBetoptic
Chronic nOpen-Angle nGlaucoma, nOcular nHtn
One nOf nThe nMost nPotent nAnd nSelective nBeta nBlocking nDrugs.
TIMOLOL n- nANS-AKA: nTimoptic
This nBeta nBlocker nIs nThe nOnly nOne nThat nMay nIncrease nThe nOutflow nOf nAqueous
nHumor nAs nWell nAs nDecrease nIts nFormation. nThis nIs nAvailable nIn nGel nAnd nLiquid
nForm.
CARBONIC nANHYDRASE nINHIBITORS n- nANS-Treats nGlaucoma nBy nDecreasing
nAqueous nHumor nProduction. n
Only nAvailable nIn nTopical nOphthalmic nForm. nThese nDrugs nWork nBy nInhibiting nThe
nEnzyme nCarbonic nAnhydrase, nWhich nResults nIn nDecreased nIntra-Ocular nPressure
nBy nReducing nAqueous nHumor nFormation. nPrimarily nUsed nFor nGlaucoma.
TYPES nOF nCARBONIC nANHYDRASE nINHIBITOR nDRUGS n- nANS-BRINZOLAMIDE
, DORZOLAMIDE
BRINZOLAMIDE n- nANS-AKA: nAzopt
DORZOLAMIDE n- nANS-AKA: nTrusopt
OSMOTIC nDIURETIC n- nANS-This nCategory nOf nDrugs nAre nAdministered nEither nIv,
nOrally, nOr nTopically nTo nReduce nIntra-Ocular nPressure. nThis nIs nDone nBy nCausing
nThe nBlood nTo nBecome nHypertonic nIn nRelation nTo nBoth nIntra-Ocular nAnd nSpinal
nFluids nCreating nAn nOsmotic nGradient nThat nDraws nWater nFrom nThe nAqueous nAnd
nVitreous nHumors. nThis nCauses nA nReduction nIn nThe nVolume nOf nIntra-Ocular
nFluid.
TYPES nOF nOSMOTIC nDIURETIC nDRUGS n- nANS-GLYCERIN
MANNITOL
GLYCERIN n- nANS-Used nTo nReduce nSuperficial nCorneal nEdema nOr nPre nAnd nPost
nOperatively. nLasts nFor n4-5 nHours
MANNITOL n- nANS-AKA: nOSMITROL
IV nINFUSION
This nIs nUsed nTo nLower nIntra-Ocular nPressure nWhen nOther nMethods nDo nNot
nWork. nLasts nFor n6-8 nHours
PROSTAGLANDIN nAGONIST n- nANS-The nNewest nClass nOf nDrugs nUsed nTo nTreat
nGlaucoma. nThese nWork nBy nReducing nIntra-Ocular nPressure nBy nIncreasing nThe
nOutflow nOf nAqueous nHumor. nA nSingle nDoes nLowers nIntra-Ocular nPressure nFor
n20-24 nHours.
TYPES nOF nPROSTAGLANDIN nDRUGS n- nANS-LATANOPROST
LATANOPROST n- nANS-Only nAvailable nIn nEyedrops nForm.
ANTIMICROBIAL nDRUGS n- nANS-Some nCommon nEye nInfections nMay nRequire
nAntibiotic nTherapy. nThe nChoice nOf nWhich nDrug nTo nChose nFrom nThis nCategory
nIs nBased nOn nClinical nExperience, nSensitivity nAnd nCharacteristics nOf nThe
nOrganisms nMost nLikely nTo nHave nCaused nThe nInfection, nCharacteristics nOf nThe
nDisease nItself, nPatients nResponse, nAnd nLab nResults.
METHOD nOF nACTION nOF nANTIMICROBIAL nDRUGS n- nANS-Topical nForms nWork
nTo nDestroy nThe nInvading nOrganism. nSome nWork nBy nDestroying nThe nOrganism
nAnd nSome nInhibit nIts nGrowth.
COMMON nOCULAR nINFECTIONS nTHAT nMAY nREQUIRE nANTIMICROBIAL
nDRUGS n- nANS-BLEPHARITIS
CONJUNCTIVITIS
