Excellence is key | 2024/2025 ~Page |1
Focus on Adult Health MedSurg Nursing
MIDTERM - Questions & 100% Correct
Answers- Latest Test | Graded A+ | Passed
A 70-year-old elderly patient is admitted to the preoperative unit for a liver resection that is
scheduled for 6 hours of surgery. What is one of the basic principles that should guide the
preoperative nurse's assessment?
A. Elderly patients do not experience as much preoperative anxiety as younger patients.
B. The elderly patient has less physiologic reserve than the younger patient.
C. Elderly patients experience less pain.
D. Preoperative pain assessment and teaching should occur following the procedure as the
elderly patient may not retain the information.
֎ -:- B. The elderly patient has less physiologic reserve than the younger
patient.
RATIONALE Preoperative pain assessment and teaching are important to the elderly
patient. These patients may have a combination of chronic illnesses and health issues in
addition to the specific one for which surgery is indicated. Health care staff must remember
that the hazards of surgery for the aged are proportional to the number and severity of
coexisting health problems and the nature and duration of the operative procedure. It is,
therefore, important to be guided by the principle that the elderly has less physiologic
reserve (the ability of an organ to return to normal after a disturbance in its equilibrium).
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, Excellence is key | 2024/2025 ~Page |2
A nurse is caring for a postoperative patient who had spinal anesthesia. The patient
complains of headache. What action should the nurse take?
A. Lower the head of the patient's bed.
B. Keep the patient lying flat, maintain a quiet environment, and keep the patient hydrated.
C. Encourage the patient to lay on his right side.
D. Do nothing, as this is a normal response to the spinal anesthesia.
֎ -:- B. Keep the patient lying flat, maintain a quiet environment, and keep the
patient hydrated.
RATIONALE Headache may be an after-effect of spinal anesthesia. Factors related to
headache include, size of the spinal needle used, the leakage of the fluid from subarachnoid
space through the puncture site and the patients hydration status. Measures that increase
cerebrospinal pressure are helpful in relieving headache.
When does the postoperative phase begin?
A. Admission of the patient to the OR
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, Excellence is key | 2024/2025 ~Page |3
B. Admission of the patient to the PACU and ending when the patient is discharged to the
unit/ home
C. Admission of the patient to the PACU and ending with follow-up evaluation in the clinical
setting/home
D. Admission to the PACU
֎ -:- B. Admission of the patient to the PACU and ending when the patient is
discharged to the unit or home
RATIONALE The postoperative phase does not just end when the patient is discharged to
the unit or to home. The goal of postoperative management is to restore the patient to
previous state or acceptable return of equilibrium. This phase includes teaching, promoting
recovery, follow-up care, and referrals essential for recovery and rehabilitation.
A nurse is caring for a postoperative patient on POD 2. The patient had a large upper
abdominal incision. While assessing the patient at the beginning of the shift, the nurse
noted decreased breath sounds, crackles, and a mild cough. What is the patient most likely
experiencing?
A. Atelectasis
B. Pneumonia
C. Acute bronchitis
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, Excellence is key | 2024/2025 ~Page |4
D. Hypoxemia
֎ -:- A. Atelectasis
RATIONALE Many factors such as age, smoking, long duration of surgery, incisional site
(chest and upper abdomen), as well as comorbidities and associated with an increased risk
for postoperative pulmonary complications. Atelectasis remains a risk for the patient who is
not moving well, not coughing well or performing deep-breathing as a result of a large
incisional site. The nurse must be alert and aware of these signs and symptoms.
Surgical wound healing occurs in:
A. Two phases: inflammatory and maturation
B. Three phases: inflammatory, proliferative, and maturation
C. First-, second-, and third-intention wound healing
D. First and proliferative phase
֎ -:- B. Three phases: inflammatory, proliferative, and maturation
RATIONALE Wounds heal in three phases and the duration of the phases can vary in length.
First- second- and third-intention wound healing is the mechanical process of wound
healing.
26/08/2024 | © Copyright- This work may not be copied for profit.
Focus on Adult Health MedSurg Nursing
MIDTERM - Questions & 100% Correct
Answers- Latest Test | Graded A+ | Passed
A 70-year-old elderly patient is admitted to the preoperative unit for a liver resection that is
scheduled for 6 hours of surgery. What is one of the basic principles that should guide the
preoperative nurse's assessment?
A. Elderly patients do not experience as much preoperative anxiety as younger patients.
B. The elderly patient has less physiologic reserve than the younger patient.
C. Elderly patients experience less pain.
D. Preoperative pain assessment and teaching should occur following the procedure as the
elderly patient may not retain the information.
֎ -:- B. The elderly patient has less physiologic reserve than the younger
patient.
RATIONALE Preoperative pain assessment and teaching are important to the elderly
patient. These patients may have a combination of chronic illnesses and health issues in
addition to the specific one for which surgery is indicated. Health care staff must remember
that the hazards of surgery for the aged are proportional to the number and severity of
coexisting health problems and the nature and duration of the operative procedure. It is,
therefore, important to be guided by the principle that the elderly has less physiologic
reserve (the ability of an organ to return to normal after a disturbance in its equilibrium).
26/08/2024 | © Copyright- This work may not be copied for profit.
, Excellence is key | 2024/2025 ~Page |2
A nurse is caring for a postoperative patient who had spinal anesthesia. The patient
complains of headache. What action should the nurse take?
A. Lower the head of the patient's bed.
B. Keep the patient lying flat, maintain a quiet environment, and keep the patient hydrated.
C. Encourage the patient to lay on his right side.
D. Do nothing, as this is a normal response to the spinal anesthesia.
֎ -:- B. Keep the patient lying flat, maintain a quiet environment, and keep the
patient hydrated.
RATIONALE Headache may be an after-effect of spinal anesthesia. Factors related to
headache include, size of the spinal needle used, the leakage of the fluid from subarachnoid
space through the puncture site and the patients hydration status. Measures that increase
cerebrospinal pressure are helpful in relieving headache.
When does the postoperative phase begin?
A. Admission of the patient to the OR
26/08/2024 | © Copyright- This work may not be copied for profit.
, Excellence is key | 2024/2025 ~Page |3
B. Admission of the patient to the PACU and ending when the patient is discharged to the
unit/ home
C. Admission of the patient to the PACU and ending with follow-up evaluation in the clinical
setting/home
D. Admission to the PACU
֎ -:- B. Admission of the patient to the PACU and ending when the patient is
discharged to the unit or home
RATIONALE The postoperative phase does not just end when the patient is discharged to
the unit or to home. The goal of postoperative management is to restore the patient to
previous state or acceptable return of equilibrium. This phase includes teaching, promoting
recovery, follow-up care, and referrals essential for recovery and rehabilitation.
A nurse is caring for a postoperative patient on POD 2. The patient had a large upper
abdominal incision. While assessing the patient at the beginning of the shift, the nurse
noted decreased breath sounds, crackles, and a mild cough. What is the patient most likely
experiencing?
A. Atelectasis
B. Pneumonia
C. Acute bronchitis
26/08/2024 | © Copyright- This work may not be copied for profit.
, Excellence is key | 2024/2025 ~Page |4
D. Hypoxemia
֎ -:- A. Atelectasis
RATIONALE Many factors such as age, smoking, long duration of surgery, incisional site
(chest and upper abdomen), as well as comorbidities and associated with an increased risk
for postoperative pulmonary complications. Atelectasis remains a risk for the patient who is
not moving well, not coughing well or performing deep-breathing as a result of a large
incisional site. The nurse must be alert and aware of these signs and symptoms.
Surgical wound healing occurs in:
A. Two phases: inflammatory and maturation
B. Three phases: inflammatory, proliferative, and maturation
C. First-, second-, and third-intention wound healing
D. First and proliferative phase
֎ -:- B. Three phases: inflammatory, proliferative, and maturation
RATIONALE Wounds heal in three phases and the duration of the phases can vary in length.
First- second- and third-intention wound healing is the mechanical process of wound
healing.
26/08/2024 | © Copyright- This work may not be copied for profit.
