TEST BANK FOR COGNITION EXPLORING THE SCIENCE OF THE MIND, 7TH EDITION, DANIEL REISBERG

, CHAPTER 1: The Science of the Mind
t t t t t t



LEARNINGtOBJECTIVES

1.1. Describetthetscopetandtgoalstoftcognitivetpsychology.


1.2. UnderstandtthetcasetoftH.M.,tandtthetmanytwaystthattmemorytinfluencestourtlives.


1.3. Describetthetlimitationstoftintrospectiontastatmethodtfortscientifictinquiry.


1.4. Comparetandtcontrasttclassicalt(Watsonian)tbehaviorismtandtcognitivetpsychology.


1.5. Kant’st“transcendentaltmethod”tistsometimest calledt“inferencettotbestt explanation.”tExplaintthistmethodtandthowtitworks.


1.6. Describetthetrole,tintthetemergencetoftcognitivetpsychology,tthattwastplayedtbytcomputertsciencetandtthetdevelop-
menttoft“computertintelligence.”




MULTIPLEtCHOICE

1. WhichtoftthetfollowingttopicstistNOTtcommonlytstudiedtwithint cognitivetpsychology?
a. angertmanagement c. memory
b. decisiontmaking d. Attention



ANS:t A DIF: Easy REF:
ThetScopetoftCognitivetPsychologytOBJ: 1.1 MSC:tUnderstanding

2. CognitivetprocessestaretNOTtnecessarytfort whicht dailytactivity?
a. readingtatnewspaper c. talkingtontthetphone
b. studyingtfortattest d. breathing



ANS:t D DIF: Easy REF: ThetScopetoftCognitivetPsychology
OBJ: 1.1 MSC: Applying

3. Alyssatwantsttotbetatpsychologisttbuttistunsuretwhichttopictwithintpsychologytmosttintereststher.tWhichtoftthetfollo
wingttopicstwouldtbetLEASTtlikelyttotleadthertintotcognitivetpsychology?
a. amnesia c. Lymetdisease
b. languagetacquisition d. problem-solvingtstrategies

,ANS:t C DIF: Easy REF:
ThetScopetoftCognitivetPsychologytOBJ: 1.1 MSC:tApplying

4. Considertthetsequencet“BetsytwantedttotbringtJacobtatpresent.tShetshookthertpiggytbank.”tMosttpeople,tafterthearin
gtthistsequence,tbelievetBetsytwastcheckingthertpiggytbankttotseetiftshethadtmoneyttotspendtontthetgift.tThistinferencetabouttBetsy’stgoal
stdependstontthetfacttthat
a. ourtprevioustknowledgetfillstintbackgroundtinformationtwhenevertwe’retunderstandingtanteventtort
conversation.
b. readerstaretlikelyttotknowtsomeonetnamedtJacob.
c. English,tunliketothertlanguages,trequirestspeakersttotmentiontalltoftthetpeopletinvolvedtintanteve
nt.

d. thetindividualtsentencestaretshort.


ANS:t A DIF: Easy REF:
ThetBroadtRoletfortMemorytOBJ: 1.1 MSC:tUnderstanding

5. WhichtoftthetfollowingtstatementstistLEASTtlikelyttotapplyttotpatienttH.M.?
a. “Hetcannottremembertwhatthetdidtearlierttoday,tincludingteventstthatttooktplacetjusttanthourtago.”
b. “Hetreadtthiststorytlasttmonth,tbutthetwaststilltsurprisedtbythowtthetstorytturnedtout.”
c. “Eventthoughthethastencounteredtthetnursetmanyttimes,thetiststilltunablettotrecognizether.”

d. “Hetrememberedtthattittwastonlytatweektagotthatthe’dtheardtthetsadtnewstthatthistunclethadtdied.”


ANS:t D DIF: Moderate REF:
AmnesiatandtMemorytLosstOBJ: 1.2 MSC:tApplying

6. ResearchtwithtH.M.tprovidestantillustrationt fortwhichtmajortthemetoftthetchapter?
a. Introspectiontistantimportanttresearchttooltfortcognitivetpsychologists.
b. Cognitivetpsychologytcanthelptustunderstandtatwidetrangetoftactivitiestthattdependtontsomeone’stabil
ityttotremember.
c. Memorytistnottverytimportant.
d. Thetdisruptiontcausedtbytbraintdamagetdependstonthowtwidespreadtthetdamagetis,tandtnottontthetspec
ifictsitestthattaretdamaged.


ANS:t t B DIF: Moderate REF: ThetScopetoftCognitivetPsychology
OBJ: 1.2 MSC: Evaluating

7. Patientstsufferingtfromtclinicaltamnesiataretcharacterizedtby
a. memorytdysfunction. c. inarticulatetspeech.
b. antinabilityttotrecognizetpatterns. d. impairedtlanguagetcomprehension.



ANS:t A DIF: Easy REF:
AmnesiatandtMemorytLosstOBJ: 1.2 MSC:tRemembering

8. Thettermt“introspection”trefersttotthe
a. processtbytwhichtonetindividualtseeksttotinfertthetthoughtstoftanothertindividual.

b. proceduretoftexaminingtthoughttprocessingtbytmonitoringtthetbrain’stelectricaltactivity.

, c. processtofteachtpersontlookingtwithin,ttotobservethistorthertowntthoughtstandtideas.

d. techniquetoftstudyingtthoughttbytinterpretingtthetsymbolstusedtintcommunication.


ANS:t C DIF: Easy REF:
ThetLimitstoftIntrospectiontOBJ: 1.3 MSC:tRemembering

9. Atparticipanttistaskedttotlooktwithinthimselftortherselftandtreporttonthistorthertowntmentaltprocesses.tThistmethod
istcalled
a. logicaltinference. c. introspection.t
b. reconstruction. d.



ANS:t C DIF: Easy REF:
ThetLimitstoftIntrospectiontOBJ: 1.3 MSC:tRemembering

10. Oftthetfollowing,tintrospectiontistLEASTtusefult fortstudying
a. topicstthattaretstronglytcoloredtbytemotion.
b. mentalteventstthattaretunconscious.
c. processestthattinvolvetconceptualtknowledge.

d. eventstthatttaketatlongttimettotunfold.


ANS:t B DIF: Moderate REF:
ThetLimitstoftIntrospectiontOBJ: 1.3 MSC:tUnderstanding

11. Whichtoftthetfollowingtstatementstabouttintrospectiont istFALSE?
a. Ittistthetonlytwayttotobservetconsciousteventstdirectly.
b. Ittistsubjective.
c. Ittprovideststrongtevidencetforthypothesis-testing.

d. Ittwastattechniquetusedthistoricallyttotstudytcognition.


ANS:t C DIF: Moderate REF:
ThetLimitstoftIntrospectiontOBJ: 1.3 MSC:tUnderstanding

12. Genietwonderstwhytshetcantnevertremembertthetnamestoftnewtacquaintances.tIntsearchtoftantanswer,tshetexaminestandtr
eflectstonthertfeelingstabouttmeetingtnewtpeople.tGenietistengagedtintwhichtprocess?
a. practicaltrehearsal c. learningthistorytanalysis
b. introspection d. goaltretrieval



ANS:t B DIF: Moderate REF:
ThetLimitstoftIntrospectiontOBJ: 1.3 MSC:tApplying

13. Introspectiontwastemployedtastatresearchttooltintthetlatet1800stbecause
a. ittwastregardedtastthetonlytwayttotobservetthetmind’stcontentstdirectly.
b. ittprovidedt datatfromtindividualstwithouttanytspecializedttraining.

c. consciousteventstaretjusttastimportanttastunconscioustevents.