Biological molecules carbohydrates
sugars polysaccharides Inorganic ions
in
↳ Sodium , Nat
Lipids-insoluble
soluble
in water
monosaccharides disaccharides >
-
·
co-transport in
glucose
in
organic
-
in small intestine
solvents (alcohols)
-
maltose glucose-glucose potential
H
V C -
H
Phosphate -
fructose amylose ↳
'Haem' group
glucose-fructose
-
sucrose compact helix too big to diffuse
- HO-c
-
Triglycerides ribose
· ·
in each
globular polypep.
-
OH ·
↳ stores more
lactose
↳
fast hydrolysis out of cells
H -
H
C -
OH Ho
-I - R ~ Phospholipids
H -
4
H
-
OHHO -
C - R ·
glucose
-
glucose-galactose chain in RBCs
ester bond
I
C I
· ↳
Phosphate Po
"
R-group
hydrophilic (-ve)'head'
OHHO R o
-
agincose
H -
C - - -
I
H
·
more branching than starch ,
allow DNA/RNA molecules
-OH Benedict's test for
·
- unsaturated hydrophobic 'tail' a
↳animals need more
energy
, to join in polymerisation
saturated Kinks individual molecules -
reducing sugar :
more
branching means
in ATP,
·
store
straight ↓ more
hydrolysis at energy
t
·
once
(1) at
·
·
room
·
(s) at room
temp . - phospholipid bilayer helix Bpleated sheet None 3333 Lots ↳
Hydrogen ,
H
+
temp
i
i
. OH
OfOther determines pH
S
-
g
·
test
OHHO OH
HH
emulsion
/
StH0S-
HO OH Ho
·
add alcohol ,shake micettes H OH into OH CHLOH
-
vigerously stH0s
-
Hos CH2OH OH CH2OH
·
- -
OHHO Oh Oh
pour off alcohol
It OS-
·
OH
alkali-neutralise
Water > +
addwater
,cheaset
-
Hydrogen suggested models of replication :
·
St OH OH
pos Benedict's test
CH2OH OH CH20
>
OH
-
.
↑ ·OHHO or
-
amino acids bonds HO
↳Conservant
Oh
primary S N
↓ L
:
RO H R
o Properties
A
H D
I II
↓ 1
C peptide bond 1. solvent, attracted to any other polar molecules m
(hydrophyllic
N C C c O
-o
- - -
S&
-
H it it OH
amine 2 4 SHC
T
longe r
carboxy
·
.
, changes temp .
Slowly deoxyribose
elicase
X-helix -
E B-pleateda
InAligase
density
DNA
-
H28 3. ,
lower when solid licebergs are insulating H bond
.
3
(condensation) habitat for some insects Granine
4
.
surface tension , can be Si 'purine
positive RNA
·
a Fork
: · -
S ZwingS
Cytosine
P N
single strand
O
Biuret (blue-
> lilad . cohesion, moves
5 through xylem tissue -o
S&
·
-
4
v j
ribose
man
DNA
·
tertiary 6 4LHV,
cooling mechanism via sweat ·
cytoplasm :
primer =
poly merase
Pyramidines
.
·.. Adenine ↳ mRNA
globular
side be
fibrous Po
S& "Tring
OH ↳ +RNA
-
I
·
compact structural
A = T
Xo- P
hy mine
nucleolus :
↳ rRNA
·
specific ·
insoluble -
-
soluble phosphodiester protein synthesis
long chains PoX
·
bond
·
2= C
denature Xo
cross-bridges
- ·
easily ↳
v
ATPsynthase - oxidative
phosphorylation
collagen
O
↳ antibodies quaternary /Xa
S condensation Mitochondrea
/a
·
ADP+ Pi -
ATP + H ,O
↳ receptors
·
multiple polypeptides =
b
-
-
photophosphorylation
I
↳
hydrolysis
prosthetic groups si
·
enzymes ATPhydrolase
no net ATP
·
3 T
L
substrate binds to sugar-phosphate backbone, stability
&
active ATP Synthase
·
processes]
conformation g
, Metabolic bond broken
H bonds break easily for transcription E
siteproducing
Active transport
· -
releases
energy
·
complimentary base pairs accuracy , Activation
2
Secretion bonds not stable
,
coiledintohelixcompati
·
· Movement
bonds within, intermediate state
. 1 stored short-term
energy
H bonds ,
Stability store
many
.
·
- universal code for a mino acids
·
Double stranded, semi conservative replication
sugars polysaccharides Inorganic ions
in
↳ Sodium , Nat
Lipids-insoluble
soluble
in water
monosaccharides disaccharides >
-
·
co-transport in
glucose
in
organic
-
in small intestine
solvents (alcohols)
-
maltose glucose-glucose potential
H
V C -
H
Phosphate -
fructose amylose ↳
'Haem' group
glucose-fructose
-
sucrose compact helix too big to diffuse
- HO-c
-
Triglycerides ribose
· ·
in each
globular polypep.
-
OH ·
↳ stores more
lactose
↳
fast hydrolysis out of cells
H -
H
C -
OH Ho
-I - R ~ Phospholipids
H -
4
H
-
OHHO -
C - R ·
glucose
-
glucose-galactose chain in RBCs
ester bond
I
C I
· ↳
Phosphate Po
"
R-group
hydrophilic (-ve)'head'
OHHO R o
-
agincose
H -
C - - -
I
H
·
more branching than starch ,
allow DNA/RNA molecules
-OH Benedict's test for
·
- unsaturated hydrophobic 'tail' a
↳animals need more
energy
, to join in polymerisation
saturated Kinks individual molecules -
reducing sugar :
more
branching means
in ATP,
·
store
straight ↓ more
hydrolysis at energy
t
·
once
(1) at
·
·
room
·
(s) at room
temp . - phospholipid bilayer helix Bpleated sheet None 3333 Lots ↳
Hydrogen ,
H
+
temp
i
i
. OH
OfOther determines pH
S
-
g
·
test
OHHO OH
HH
emulsion
/
StH0S-
HO OH Ho
·
add alcohol ,shake micettes H OH into OH CHLOH
-
vigerously stH0s
-
Hos CH2OH OH CH2OH
·
- -
OHHO Oh Oh
pour off alcohol
It OS-
·
OH
alkali-neutralise
Water > +
addwater
,cheaset
-
Hydrogen suggested models of replication :
·
St OH OH
pos Benedict's test
CH2OH OH CH20
>
OH
-
.
↑ ·OHHO or
-
amino acids bonds HO
↳Conservant
Oh
primary S N
↓ L
:
RO H R
o Properties
A
H D
I II
↓ 1
C peptide bond 1. solvent, attracted to any other polar molecules m
(hydrophyllic
N C C c O
-o
- - -
S&
-
H it it OH
amine 2 4 SHC
T
longe r
carboxy
·
.
, changes temp .
Slowly deoxyribose
elicase
X-helix -
E B-pleateda
InAligase
density
DNA
-
H28 3. ,
lower when solid licebergs are insulating H bond
.
3
(condensation) habitat for some insects Granine
4
.
surface tension , can be Si 'purine
positive RNA
·
a Fork
: · -
S ZwingS
Cytosine
P N
single strand
O
Biuret (blue-
> lilad . cohesion, moves
5 through xylem tissue -o
S&
·
-
4
v j
ribose
man
DNA
·
tertiary 6 4LHV,
cooling mechanism via sweat ·
cytoplasm :
primer =
poly merase
Pyramidines
.
·.. Adenine ↳ mRNA
globular
side be
fibrous Po
S& "Tring
OH ↳ +RNA
-
I
·
compact structural
A = T
Xo- P
hy mine
nucleolus :
↳ rRNA
·
specific ·
insoluble -
-
soluble phosphodiester protein synthesis
long chains PoX
·
bond
·
2= C
denature Xo
cross-bridges
- ·
easily ↳
v
ATPsynthase - oxidative
phosphorylation
collagen
O
↳ antibodies quaternary /Xa
S condensation Mitochondrea
/a
·
ADP+ Pi -
ATP + H ,O
↳ receptors
·
multiple polypeptides =
b
-
-
photophosphorylation
I
↳
hydrolysis
prosthetic groups si
·
enzymes ATPhydrolase
no net ATP
·
3 T
L
substrate binds to sugar-phosphate backbone, stability
&
active ATP Synthase
·
processes]
conformation g
, Metabolic bond broken
H bonds break easily for transcription E
siteproducing
Active transport
· -
releases
energy
·
complimentary base pairs accuracy , Activation
2
Secretion bonds not stable
,
coiledintohelixcompati
·
· Movement
bonds within, intermediate state
. 1 stored short-term
energy
H bonds ,
Stability store
many
.
·
- universal code for a mino acids
·
Double stranded, semi conservative replication
