NURS 236 Exam 2 Guide With
Complete Solution
Nutrition - ANSWER study of the intake of food and how food nourished the
body
Nutrients - ANSWER substances used by the body for growth, development,
activity, reproductions, lactation, health maintenance, and recovery
Carbohydrates - ANSWER main source of energy (glucose)
Proteins - ANSWER tissue growth and repair
Fats - ANSWER provides structure and insulates the body
Vitamins - ANSWER needed for metabolism of carbohydrates, protein, and
fat
Minerals - ANSWER provide structure and/or help with regulating body
processes
Water - ANSWER aids in digestion, absorption, circulation, and excretion
Two compartments of fluid in the body - ANSWER Intracellular fluid (ICF)
· Fluid within the cells (70%)
Extracellular fluid (ECF)
· Fluid outside the cells (30%)
Variations in Fluid Content - ANSWER Healthy individual
,· Total body water is 50-60% of body weight.
Infant
· More body fluid and ECF and adult.
- More prone to fluid volume deficit
Body composition
· Women and obese individuals have less body water
Water aids in: - ANSWER Transporting nutrients to cells and wastes from
cells.
Transports hormones, enzymes, blood platelets, and red and white blood
cells.
Facilitates cellular metabolism and proper cellular chemical functioning.
Acts as a solvent for electrolytes (potassium, sodium, chloride, etc.) and
nonelectrolytes (magnesium, etc.)
Helps maintain normal body temperature.
- sweat
Facilitates digestion and promotes elimination.
Acts as a tissue lubricant.
Main sources of fluid in the body - ANSWER · Ingested Liquids
· Consumed Foods
· Metabolism
,Absorption - ANSWER -nutrients and water to blood vessels and lymph
vessels (small intestine)
-water to blood vessels (large intestine)
Propulsion - ANSWER -swallowing (oropharynx)
-peristalsis (esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine)
mechanical digestion - ANSWER -chewing (mouth)
-churning (stomach)
-segmentation (small intestine)
Basal Metabolism Rate (BMR) - ANSWER Energy needed to carry on the
involuntary activities of the body at rest:
· Maintaining body temperature
· Producing and releasing secretions
· Propelling food through the GI tract
· Inflating the lungs
· Contracting the heart muscle
Factors that increase and decrease BMR - ANSWER Increase
, - Growth
- Infection
- Fever
- Stress (emotional)
- Extreme environmental conditions [Cold/heat, pollution (asthmatic)]
- Elevated thyroid hormones
Decrease
- Aging
- Prolonged fasting
- Sleep
Body Mass Index (BMI) - ANSWER Ratio of weight (in Kg) to height (in
meters)
Health care providers use this weight calculation as an initial assessment
BMI Numbers - ANSWER - below 18.5 = underweight
- 18.5 - 24.9 = healthy weight
- 25 - 29.9 = overweight
- 30 or greater = obesity
Complete Solution
Nutrition - ANSWER study of the intake of food and how food nourished the
body
Nutrients - ANSWER substances used by the body for growth, development,
activity, reproductions, lactation, health maintenance, and recovery
Carbohydrates - ANSWER main source of energy (glucose)
Proteins - ANSWER tissue growth and repair
Fats - ANSWER provides structure and insulates the body
Vitamins - ANSWER needed for metabolism of carbohydrates, protein, and
fat
Minerals - ANSWER provide structure and/or help with regulating body
processes
Water - ANSWER aids in digestion, absorption, circulation, and excretion
Two compartments of fluid in the body - ANSWER Intracellular fluid (ICF)
· Fluid within the cells (70%)
Extracellular fluid (ECF)
· Fluid outside the cells (30%)
Variations in Fluid Content - ANSWER Healthy individual
,· Total body water is 50-60% of body weight.
Infant
· More body fluid and ECF and adult.
- More prone to fluid volume deficit
Body composition
· Women and obese individuals have less body water
Water aids in: - ANSWER Transporting nutrients to cells and wastes from
cells.
Transports hormones, enzymes, blood platelets, and red and white blood
cells.
Facilitates cellular metabolism and proper cellular chemical functioning.
Acts as a solvent for electrolytes (potassium, sodium, chloride, etc.) and
nonelectrolytes (magnesium, etc.)
Helps maintain normal body temperature.
- sweat
Facilitates digestion and promotes elimination.
Acts as a tissue lubricant.
Main sources of fluid in the body - ANSWER · Ingested Liquids
· Consumed Foods
· Metabolism
,Absorption - ANSWER -nutrients and water to blood vessels and lymph
vessels (small intestine)
-water to blood vessels (large intestine)
Propulsion - ANSWER -swallowing (oropharynx)
-peristalsis (esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine)
mechanical digestion - ANSWER -chewing (mouth)
-churning (stomach)
-segmentation (small intestine)
Basal Metabolism Rate (BMR) - ANSWER Energy needed to carry on the
involuntary activities of the body at rest:
· Maintaining body temperature
· Producing and releasing secretions
· Propelling food through the GI tract
· Inflating the lungs
· Contracting the heart muscle
Factors that increase and decrease BMR - ANSWER Increase
, - Growth
- Infection
- Fever
- Stress (emotional)
- Extreme environmental conditions [Cold/heat, pollution (asthmatic)]
- Elevated thyroid hormones
Decrease
- Aging
- Prolonged fasting
- Sleep
Body Mass Index (BMI) - ANSWER Ratio of weight (in Kg) to height (in
meters)
Health care providers use this weight calculation as an initial assessment
BMI Numbers - ANSWER - below 18.5 = underweight
- 18.5 - 24.9 = healthy weight
- 25 - 29.9 = overweight
- 30 or greater = obesity
