ARMRIT STUDY GUIDE PACKET
questions and answers
ATOMS - FUNDAMENTAL SUBMICROSCOPIC UNIT OF ALL MASS. SIZE OF THE
ATOM AND ITS WEIGHT HAVE INTERESTED SCIENTISTS FOR A LONG PERIOD.
SUBSEQUENTLY, EXPERIMENTS WERE DEVISED TO DETERMINE THE SIZE AND
WEIGHT OF THE VARIOUS ATOMS. THE LIGHTEST OF ALL ATOMS IS HYDROGEN.
PROTON - A SUBATOMIC PARTICLE HAVING A POSITVIE CHARGE IDENTICAL IN
MAGNITUDE TO THE NEGATIVE CHARGE OF AN ELECTRON AND, TOGETHER WITH
THE NEUTRON, A COMPONENT OF ALL ATOMIC NUCLEI. THE PROTON FORMS, BY
ITSLEF, THE NUCLEUS OF THE HYDROGEN ATOM. THE MASS OF A PROTON IS
APPROXIMATELY 1836 TIMES THAT OF AN ELECTRON AND THE MASS OF AN ATOM
IS CONTAINED ALMOST ENTIRELY IN THE NUCLEUS. THE PROTON HAS AN
INTRINSIC ANGULAR MOMENTUM OR SPIN AND THUS A MAGNETIC MOMENT
(VERY SMALL MAGNETIC FIELD). THE NUMBER OF PROTONS IN THE NUCLEUS OF
AN ATOM DETERMINES WHAT ELEMENT IT IS; THE ATOMIC NUMBER OF AN
ELEMENT DENOTES THE NUMBER OF PROTONS IN THE NUCLEUS.
ELECTRON - A SUBATOMIC MPARTICLE THAT, ALONG WITH PROTONS AND
NEUTRONS, MAKE UP THE ATOMS THE FLOW OF AN ELECTRIC CURRENT IN A
CONDUCTOR IS CAUSED BY THE DRIFTING OF FREE ELECTRONS IN THE
CONDUCTOR. HEAT CONDUCTION IS ALSO PRIMARILY A PHENOMENON OF
ELECTRON ACTIVITY. THE CHARGE OF THE ELECTRON IS THE BASIC UNIT OF
ELECTRICITY. ELECTRONS HAVE HALF-INTEGRAL SPIN; SPIN IS A PROPERTY OF
SUBATOMIC PARTICLES THAT INDICATES THE PARTICLE'S ANGULAR MOMENTUM.
,ARMRIT STUDY GUIDE PACKET
questions and answers
NEUTRON - A SUBATOMIC PARTICLE THAT IS NEUTRAL THEREFORE HAS NO
CHARGE. IT IS LOCATED IN THE NUCLEUS AND SERVES AS A STABILIZER. THE MASS
OF A NEUTRON IS SLIGHTLY GREATER THAN THE PROTON MASS AND HAS AN
ENORMOUS EFFECT ON THE QUANTUM SPIN VALUE OF AN ELEMENT. THE NET
CHARGE ON A NEUTRON IS 0
MAGNETISM - IS DESCRIED AS THE ABILITY OF A SUBSTANCE TO ATTRACT IRON,
COBALT AND NICKEL. IT IS THE POWER OR FORCE CREATED BY A SUBSTANCE
HAVING THE PROPERTY OF CREATING OR INDUCING MAGNETIC DIPOLES. THE
MAGNETIC FIELD OF ANY MAGNET HAS A DIRECTION, SIGNIFIED NORTH AND
SOUTH. THIS PROPERTY OF A MAGNET MAKES IT A DIPOLE. DIPOLE - A MAGNETIC
FIELD CHARACTERIZED BY ITS OWN MAGNETIC NORTH AND SOUTH POLES
SEPARATED BY A FINITE DISTANCE.
MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY - DEFINED AS THE TENDENCY OF A SUBSTANCE TO
ATTRACT OR REPEL MAGNETIC LINES OF FORCE DEPENDENT ON THE MAGNETIC
PROPERTIES OF ITS ELECTRONS.
DIAMAGNETIC - THE PROPERTY OF MOST SUBSTANCES WITH PAIRED ORBITAL
ELECTRONS THAT HAVE OPPOSITE SPINNING AND THEIR MAGNETIC MOENTS
CANCEL EACH OTHER OUT. SUBSTANCES WITH DIAMAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY
,ARMRIT STUDY GUIDE PACKET
questions and answers
WEAKLY ATTRACT OR REPEL MAGNETIC LINES OF FORCE. MAGNETIC
SUSCEPTIBILITY OF MOST HUMAN BODY TISSUES ARE DESCRIBED AS
DIAMAGNETIC.
PARAMAGNETIC - THE PROPERTY OF SUBSTANCES WITH POSITIVE MAGNETIC
SUSCEPTIBILITY THAT ATTRACT AND REPEL MAGNETIC LINES OF FORCE. THESE
SUBSTANCES (GADOLINIUM, METHEMOGLOBIN, FREE RADICALS) CONTAIN ONE
OR MORE UNPAIRED ORBITAL ELECTRONS AND PRODUCE MARKED REDUCTIONS
IN THE T1 AND T2 RELAXATION TIMES. UNPAIRED ORBITAL ELECTRONS SPIN IN
THE SAME DIRECTION AND HAVE THE TENDENCY TO LINE UP WITH THE
MAGNETIC FIELD. THEREFORE PRODUCING ADDITIONAL MAGNETIC FIELDS.
SUPER-PARAMAGNETIC - THE PROPERTY OF SUBSTANCES WITH LARGE POSITIVE
MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY WHICH STRONGLY ATTRACT OR REPEL MAGNETIC LINE
SOF FORCE. THESE SUBSTANCES (HEMOSIDERIN AND SUPERPARAMAGNETIC IRON
OXIDE -SPIO) HAVE A SINGLE MAGNETIC DOMAIN AND ARE MAGNETIZED IN A
MAGNETIC FIELD. THEIR MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITIES ARE MUCH LARGER THAN
THOSE OF PARAMAGNETIC SUBSTANCES AND SIMILAR TO THOSE OF
FERROMAGNETIC MATERIALS. UNLIKE FERROMAGNETIC SUBSTANCES,
SUPERPARAMAGNETIC MATERIALS DO NOT EXHIBIT RESIDUAL MAGNETISM
WHEN THE EXTERNAL FIELD IS REMOVED.
, ARMRIT STUDY GUIDE PACKET
questions and answers
FERROMAGNETIC - THE PROPERTY OF SUBSTANCES WITH LARGE POSITIVE
MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY THAT BECOME MAGNETIZED WITHIN A MAGNETIC
FIELD AND REMAIN MAGNETIZED AGTER BEING REMOVED FROM THE MAGNETIC
FIELD. FERROMAGNETIC SUBSTANCES INCLUDE A NUMBER OF IRON AN COBALT-
CONTAINING METALS.
MAGNETIC FIELD - A VECTOR QUANTITIY CONSISTING OF BOTH A NORTH AND
SOUTH POLE; IT EXERTS AN INDUCTION FORCE ON FERROMAGNETIC AND
PARAMAGNETIC SUBSTANCES. WHEN SYMBOLIZING THE FLOW AND AREA OF A
MAGNETIC FIELD, SPECIAL LINES ARE USED; THEY ARE FIELD OR FLUX LINES
FIELD OR FLUX LINES - MEASURE THE FLOW AND AREA OF A MAGNETIC FIELD.
THE STRONGEST AREA OF THE MAGNETIC FIELD IS WHERE THE FIELD OR FLUX
LINES CONVERGE AND IS CALLED THE ISOCENTER. AWAY FROM THE ISOCENTER
THE FIELD OR FLIX LINES REPRESENT THE FRINGE FIELDS.
ISOCENTER - AREA OF THE MAGNETIC FIELD WHERE THE FIELD STRENGTH IS THE
GREATEST, IN MRI THE CENTER OF THE SCAN AREA
FRINGE FIELDS - WEAKER MAGNETIC FIELDS THAT ARE AWAY FROM THE
ISOCENTER, IN MRI OUTSIDE OF THE SCANNING AREA.
questions and answers
ATOMS - FUNDAMENTAL SUBMICROSCOPIC UNIT OF ALL MASS. SIZE OF THE
ATOM AND ITS WEIGHT HAVE INTERESTED SCIENTISTS FOR A LONG PERIOD.
SUBSEQUENTLY, EXPERIMENTS WERE DEVISED TO DETERMINE THE SIZE AND
WEIGHT OF THE VARIOUS ATOMS. THE LIGHTEST OF ALL ATOMS IS HYDROGEN.
PROTON - A SUBATOMIC PARTICLE HAVING A POSITVIE CHARGE IDENTICAL IN
MAGNITUDE TO THE NEGATIVE CHARGE OF AN ELECTRON AND, TOGETHER WITH
THE NEUTRON, A COMPONENT OF ALL ATOMIC NUCLEI. THE PROTON FORMS, BY
ITSLEF, THE NUCLEUS OF THE HYDROGEN ATOM. THE MASS OF A PROTON IS
APPROXIMATELY 1836 TIMES THAT OF AN ELECTRON AND THE MASS OF AN ATOM
IS CONTAINED ALMOST ENTIRELY IN THE NUCLEUS. THE PROTON HAS AN
INTRINSIC ANGULAR MOMENTUM OR SPIN AND THUS A MAGNETIC MOMENT
(VERY SMALL MAGNETIC FIELD). THE NUMBER OF PROTONS IN THE NUCLEUS OF
AN ATOM DETERMINES WHAT ELEMENT IT IS; THE ATOMIC NUMBER OF AN
ELEMENT DENOTES THE NUMBER OF PROTONS IN THE NUCLEUS.
ELECTRON - A SUBATOMIC MPARTICLE THAT, ALONG WITH PROTONS AND
NEUTRONS, MAKE UP THE ATOMS THE FLOW OF AN ELECTRIC CURRENT IN A
CONDUCTOR IS CAUSED BY THE DRIFTING OF FREE ELECTRONS IN THE
CONDUCTOR. HEAT CONDUCTION IS ALSO PRIMARILY A PHENOMENON OF
ELECTRON ACTIVITY. THE CHARGE OF THE ELECTRON IS THE BASIC UNIT OF
ELECTRICITY. ELECTRONS HAVE HALF-INTEGRAL SPIN; SPIN IS A PROPERTY OF
SUBATOMIC PARTICLES THAT INDICATES THE PARTICLE'S ANGULAR MOMENTUM.
,ARMRIT STUDY GUIDE PACKET
questions and answers
NEUTRON - A SUBATOMIC PARTICLE THAT IS NEUTRAL THEREFORE HAS NO
CHARGE. IT IS LOCATED IN THE NUCLEUS AND SERVES AS A STABILIZER. THE MASS
OF A NEUTRON IS SLIGHTLY GREATER THAN THE PROTON MASS AND HAS AN
ENORMOUS EFFECT ON THE QUANTUM SPIN VALUE OF AN ELEMENT. THE NET
CHARGE ON A NEUTRON IS 0
MAGNETISM - IS DESCRIED AS THE ABILITY OF A SUBSTANCE TO ATTRACT IRON,
COBALT AND NICKEL. IT IS THE POWER OR FORCE CREATED BY A SUBSTANCE
HAVING THE PROPERTY OF CREATING OR INDUCING MAGNETIC DIPOLES. THE
MAGNETIC FIELD OF ANY MAGNET HAS A DIRECTION, SIGNIFIED NORTH AND
SOUTH. THIS PROPERTY OF A MAGNET MAKES IT A DIPOLE. DIPOLE - A MAGNETIC
FIELD CHARACTERIZED BY ITS OWN MAGNETIC NORTH AND SOUTH POLES
SEPARATED BY A FINITE DISTANCE.
MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY - DEFINED AS THE TENDENCY OF A SUBSTANCE TO
ATTRACT OR REPEL MAGNETIC LINES OF FORCE DEPENDENT ON THE MAGNETIC
PROPERTIES OF ITS ELECTRONS.
DIAMAGNETIC - THE PROPERTY OF MOST SUBSTANCES WITH PAIRED ORBITAL
ELECTRONS THAT HAVE OPPOSITE SPINNING AND THEIR MAGNETIC MOENTS
CANCEL EACH OTHER OUT. SUBSTANCES WITH DIAMAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY
,ARMRIT STUDY GUIDE PACKET
questions and answers
WEAKLY ATTRACT OR REPEL MAGNETIC LINES OF FORCE. MAGNETIC
SUSCEPTIBILITY OF MOST HUMAN BODY TISSUES ARE DESCRIBED AS
DIAMAGNETIC.
PARAMAGNETIC - THE PROPERTY OF SUBSTANCES WITH POSITIVE MAGNETIC
SUSCEPTIBILITY THAT ATTRACT AND REPEL MAGNETIC LINES OF FORCE. THESE
SUBSTANCES (GADOLINIUM, METHEMOGLOBIN, FREE RADICALS) CONTAIN ONE
OR MORE UNPAIRED ORBITAL ELECTRONS AND PRODUCE MARKED REDUCTIONS
IN THE T1 AND T2 RELAXATION TIMES. UNPAIRED ORBITAL ELECTRONS SPIN IN
THE SAME DIRECTION AND HAVE THE TENDENCY TO LINE UP WITH THE
MAGNETIC FIELD. THEREFORE PRODUCING ADDITIONAL MAGNETIC FIELDS.
SUPER-PARAMAGNETIC - THE PROPERTY OF SUBSTANCES WITH LARGE POSITIVE
MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY WHICH STRONGLY ATTRACT OR REPEL MAGNETIC LINE
SOF FORCE. THESE SUBSTANCES (HEMOSIDERIN AND SUPERPARAMAGNETIC IRON
OXIDE -SPIO) HAVE A SINGLE MAGNETIC DOMAIN AND ARE MAGNETIZED IN A
MAGNETIC FIELD. THEIR MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITIES ARE MUCH LARGER THAN
THOSE OF PARAMAGNETIC SUBSTANCES AND SIMILAR TO THOSE OF
FERROMAGNETIC MATERIALS. UNLIKE FERROMAGNETIC SUBSTANCES,
SUPERPARAMAGNETIC MATERIALS DO NOT EXHIBIT RESIDUAL MAGNETISM
WHEN THE EXTERNAL FIELD IS REMOVED.
, ARMRIT STUDY GUIDE PACKET
questions and answers
FERROMAGNETIC - THE PROPERTY OF SUBSTANCES WITH LARGE POSITIVE
MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY THAT BECOME MAGNETIZED WITHIN A MAGNETIC
FIELD AND REMAIN MAGNETIZED AGTER BEING REMOVED FROM THE MAGNETIC
FIELD. FERROMAGNETIC SUBSTANCES INCLUDE A NUMBER OF IRON AN COBALT-
CONTAINING METALS.
MAGNETIC FIELD - A VECTOR QUANTITIY CONSISTING OF BOTH A NORTH AND
SOUTH POLE; IT EXERTS AN INDUCTION FORCE ON FERROMAGNETIC AND
PARAMAGNETIC SUBSTANCES. WHEN SYMBOLIZING THE FLOW AND AREA OF A
MAGNETIC FIELD, SPECIAL LINES ARE USED; THEY ARE FIELD OR FLUX LINES
FIELD OR FLUX LINES - MEASURE THE FLOW AND AREA OF A MAGNETIC FIELD.
THE STRONGEST AREA OF THE MAGNETIC FIELD IS WHERE THE FIELD OR FLUX
LINES CONVERGE AND IS CALLED THE ISOCENTER. AWAY FROM THE ISOCENTER
THE FIELD OR FLIX LINES REPRESENT THE FRINGE FIELDS.
ISOCENTER - AREA OF THE MAGNETIC FIELD WHERE THE FIELD STRENGTH IS THE
GREATEST, IN MRI THE CENTER OF THE SCAN AREA
FRINGE FIELDS - WEAKER MAGNETIC FIELDS THAT ARE AWAY FROM THE
ISOCENTER, IN MRI OUTSIDE OF THE SCANNING AREA.
