Bs161 Final Exam| 1085 Questions with
100% Solutions/Verified Answers|
Already Passed
A mutation adds the nucleotide T between the first and second codons in the DNA
sequence creating a mutant version of the gene.
- What will happen to the length of the protein produced from the mutant version of this gene?
- ANSWER It will be shorter because the third codon is now a stop codon which will
cause translation to end
Depicted here are five codons from the coding strand of DNA and the very short peptide they
encode:original DNA sequence: 5'ATG-TCT-AAC-TTA-TAA 3'
protein sequence: Met-Ser-Asn-Leu-STOP
A mutation adds the nucleotide T between the first and second codons in the DNA
sequence creating a mutant version of the gene.
- What best describes the impact of having extra nucleotide in this gene? - ANSWER The
extra nucleotide causes a shift in the reading frames
,Explain how information is encoded in the structure of DNA
- The importance of IMF's in DNA
- Relationship between information in DNA and structure of proteins - ANSWER information is
encoded in DNA by the order of nucleotides, which determines the structure and function. RNA
polymerase comes along and pairs complementary base pairs. Functional groups are important
because they allow for bases to be paired correctly thought IMF's. DNA determines the
structure of proteins
What component of a phospholipid is found in the interior of a lipid bilayer? - ANSWER the fatty
acids
What does the molecule on the right represent? - ANSWER Unsaturated fatty acid
Imaging the molecule shown is found in a membrane that contains a mixture of phospholipids with
saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. How does the bend in the tail impact the fluidity of the
membrane? - ANSWER The bend prevents tight packing which decreases the number of van der
Waals interactions meaning less energy is required to allow lipids to move past each other.
How does increasing the percentage of phospholipids containing unsaturated fatty acids
typically change the fluidity of a membrane if the temperature remains constant? - ANSWER
It typically increases the fluidity
Imagine you find a plant with a mutation that makes it unable to produce polyunsaturated fatty
acids. Compared to a normal plant that can produce polyunsaturated fatty acids, predict how
this mutation most likely influences the plant's ability to survive as temperature changes. -
ANSWER The plant with the mutation will not survive as well at lower temperatures
Based on this model of protein targeting, which statement accurately describes the synthesis
and targeting of a protein that is part of the electron transport chain? - ANSWER The protein is
synthesized on free ribosomes and require an additional signal reach its target
,In normal cells, acid hydrolyses are targeted to the lysosome. In i-cell disease, the enzyme in
the golgi that normally adds the signal needed to target acid hydrolases to the lysosome no
longer functions. What happens to acid hydrolases in cells with i-cell disease? - ANSWER They
will be secreted to the extracellular space
What type of amino acids would you likely find in the signal anchor sequence that causes
integral membrane proteins to be embedded into membranes and why would you expect to
find that type of amino acid in this sequence? - ANSWER Hydrophobic amino acids because they
need to cluster with the lipid tails in the interior of the membrane away from water
You perform an experiment in which the phosphate groups on the phospholipids on the
outside of a cell are labeled with a fluorescent dye. A new cell is then created by fusing the
labeled cell with a second cell in which the phospholipids are not labeled. Based on the way
phospholipids move in a lipid bilayer, where would you expect to see the fluorescent dye after
15 minutes? - ANSWER Randomly distributed around the outside of the new cell
Which intracellular compartment forms transport vesicles, modifies lipids, and sorts
membrane and secreted proteins? - ANSWER The Golgi apparatus
What would LEAST likely require a transport protein to cross the plasma membrane of a
red blood cell? - ANSWER O2
How is a carrier protein different from a channel protein? - ANSWER Carrier proteins undergo
conformational change so that they are open on alternate sides of the membrane while
channels are open on both sides of the membrane simultaneously.
Some plant cells take advantage of the high concentration of protons outside the cell to
move solutes, such as sucrose, across the plasma membrane into the cell where the sucrose
concentration is already relatively high. This type of transport is an example of: - ANSWER
Secondary active transport
, Most mammalian cells import glucose from the bloodstream. The blood has a higher
concentration of glucose than the cell's cytosol. What transport mechanism is most
likely involved in the import of glucose in this case? - ANSWER Facilitated diffusion
The ∆G of hydrolysis of ATP is -7.3 kcal/mol. If ATP hydrolysis is used as an energy source in
primary active transport that moves Ca2+ ions across a membrane, what is a reasonable ∆G
for the movement of the calcium ions? - ANSWER +5 kcal/mol
During a laboratory experiment, you discover that an enzyme-catalyzed reaction has a ΔG of -
20 kcal/mol. If you double the amount of enzyme in the reaction, what will be the ΔG for the
new reaction? - ANSWER -20 kcal/mol
In the metabolic pathway illustrated on the right, the starting material (substrate A) is
converted to one of two end products, E or G. Letters indicate the substrates and products,
and numbers indicate the enzymes. If a cell does not need more of molecule G, but the cell
does need more of molecule E, how will it meet its needs without wasting energy? - ANSWER G
will inhibit enzyme 5
what mechanism does G use to inhibit the enzyme? - ANSWER allosteric inhibition
What happens to glucose as it passes through glycolysis? - ANSWER One molecule of glucose
becomes two molecules of pyruvate and some of the carbon atoms are oxidized during the
process.
What best describes the role of light in the process shown on the right? - ANSWER Because
this Is the Calvin cycle, light is not directly involved
Is this process anabolic or catabolic and why? - ANSWER This is an anabolic process because it is
using energy to reduce carbon and build a more complex molecule.
What sequences accurately represents the order in which electron acceptors are used
during photosynthesis and cellular respiration? - ANSWER NADP+; CO2; NAD+; O2
100% Solutions/Verified Answers|
Already Passed
A mutation adds the nucleotide T between the first and second codons in the DNA
sequence creating a mutant version of the gene.
- What will happen to the length of the protein produced from the mutant version of this gene?
- ANSWER It will be shorter because the third codon is now a stop codon which will
cause translation to end
Depicted here are five codons from the coding strand of DNA and the very short peptide they
encode:original DNA sequence: 5'ATG-TCT-AAC-TTA-TAA 3'
protein sequence: Met-Ser-Asn-Leu-STOP
A mutation adds the nucleotide T between the first and second codons in the DNA
sequence creating a mutant version of the gene.
- What best describes the impact of having extra nucleotide in this gene? - ANSWER The
extra nucleotide causes a shift in the reading frames
,Explain how information is encoded in the structure of DNA
- The importance of IMF's in DNA
- Relationship between information in DNA and structure of proteins - ANSWER information is
encoded in DNA by the order of nucleotides, which determines the structure and function. RNA
polymerase comes along and pairs complementary base pairs. Functional groups are important
because they allow for bases to be paired correctly thought IMF's. DNA determines the
structure of proteins
What component of a phospholipid is found in the interior of a lipid bilayer? - ANSWER the fatty
acids
What does the molecule on the right represent? - ANSWER Unsaturated fatty acid
Imaging the molecule shown is found in a membrane that contains a mixture of phospholipids with
saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. How does the bend in the tail impact the fluidity of the
membrane? - ANSWER The bend prevents tight packing which decreases the number of van der
Waals interactions meaning less energy is required to allow lipids to move past each other.
How does increasing the percentage of phospholipids containing unsaturated fatty acids
typically change the fluidity of a membrane if the temperature remains constant? - ANSWER
It typically increases the fluidity
Imagine you find a plant with a mutation that makes it unable to produce polyunsaturated fatty
acids. Compared to a normal plant that can produce polyunsaturated fatty acids, predict how
this mutation most likely influences the plant's ability to survive as temperature changes. -
ANSWER The plant with the mutation will not survive as well at lower temperatures
Based on this model of protein targeting, which statement accurately describes the synthesis
and targeting of a protein that is part of the electron transport chain? - ANSWER The protein is
synthesized on free ribosomes and require an additional signal reach its target
,In normal cells, acid hydrolyses are targeted to the lysosome. In i-cell disease, the enzyme in
the golgi that normally adds the signal needed to target acid hydrolases to the lysosome no
longer functions. What happens to acid hydrolases in cells with i-cell disease? - ANSWER They
will be secreted to the extracellular space
What type of amino acids would you likely find in the signal anchor sequence that causes
integral membrane proteins to be embedded into membranes and why would you expect to
find that type of amino acid in this sequence? - ANSWER Hydrophobic amino acids because they
need to cluster with the lipid tails in the interior of the membrane away from water
You perform an experiment in which the phosphate groups on the phospholipids on the
outside of a cell are labeled with a fluorescent dye. A new cell is then created by fusing the
labeled cell with a second cell in which the phospholipids are not labeled. Based on the way
phospholipids move in a lipid bilayer, where would you expect to see the fluorescent dye after
15 minutes? - ANSWER Randomly distributed around the outside of the new cell
Which intracellular compartment forms transport vesicles, modifies lipids, and sorts
membrane and secreted proteins? - ANSWER The Golgi apparatus
What would LEAST likely require a transport protein to cross the plasma membrane of a
red blood cell? - ANSWER O2
How is a carrier protein different from a channel protein? - ANSWER Carrier proteins undergo
conformational change so that they are open on alternate sides of the membrane while
channels are open on both sides of the membrane simultaneously.
Some plant cells take advantage of the high concentration of protons outside the cell to
move solutes, such as sucrose, across the plasma membrane into the cell where the sucrose
concentration is already relatively high. This type of transport is an example of: - ANSWER
Secondary active transport
, Most mammalian cells import glucose from the bloodstream. The blood has a higher
concentration of glucose than the cell's cytosol. What transport mechanism is most
likely involved in the import of glucose in this case? - ANSWER Facilitated diffusion
The ∆G of hydrolysis of ATP is -7.3 kcal/mol. If ATP hydrolysis is used as an energy source in
primary active transport that moves Ca2+ ions across a membrane, what is a reasonable ∆G
for the movement of the calcium ions? - ANSWER +5 kcal/mol
During a laboratory experiment, you discover that an enzyme-catalyzed reaction has a ΔG of -
20 kcal/mol. If you double the amount of enzyme in the reaction, what will be the ΔG for the
new reaction? - ANSWER -20 kcal/mol
In the metabolic pathway illustrated on the right, the starting material (substrate A) is
converted to one of two end products, E or G. Letters indicate the substrates and products,
and numbers indicate the enzymes. If a cell does not need more of molecule G, but the cell
does need more of molecule E, how will it meet its needs without wasting energy? - ANSWER G
will inhibit enzyme 5
what mechanism does G use to inhibit the enzyme? - ANSWER allosteric inhibition
What happens to glucose as it passes through glycolysis? - ANSWER One molecule of glucose
becomes two molecules of pyruvate and some of the carbon atoms are oxidized during the
process.
What best describes the role of light in the process shown on the right? - ANSWER Because
this Is the Calvin cycle, light is not directly involved
Is this process anabolic or catabolic and why? - ANSWER This is an anabolic process because it is
using energy to reduce carbon and build a more complex molecule.
What sequences accurately represents the order in which electron acceptors are used
during photosynthesis and cellular respiration? - ANSWER NADP+; CO2; NAD+; O2
