BSMCON NUR 2102 Exam- HEENT with
Complete Solutions |Latest Update
Questions 2024-2025
Pupillary Light Reflex Test - ANSWER This is a visual reflex test. It tests the subcortical
response to bright light on the retina. Normal result is symmetrical constriction of both pupils.
Direct eye- the eye receiving the light stimulation.
Consensual eye- the simultaneous constriction of the other eye
Accommodation test - ANSWER This is a visual reflex test that evaluates the adaption of the
eye for near vision. Part of the PERRLA evaluation.
To test:
Patient is asked to focus on an object in the background. The patient is asked to shift his/her
gaze to your finger, placed about 6 in from the patient's nose.
Findings:
The pupils should dilate when looking is in the background, and then constrict when looking
in the foreground
PERRLA - ANSWER Pupils are
Equal and
Round and
,React to
Light and
Accommodation
The Pupillary Light Reflex Test and the Accommodation Test are two methods used
for assessing PERRLA.
Test for assessing distant vision - ANSWER The Snellen Eye Chart:
◦ The chart is placed 20 feet from the patient,
at eye-level.
◦ If the patient wears contact lenses or
glasses, they are to leave them on (except
reading glasses)
◦ Shield one eye at a time and have the
patient read through to the smallest line of
letters possible.
◦ Normal vision acuity is 20/20. The numerator
indicates the distance that the person is standing,
and the denominator indicates the distance of
vision of the normal eye.
**e.g. 20/40 would be poor vision & 20/10 would be great vision.
**If you have 20/10 vision, you can see at 20 feet, what a normal person can see at 10
feet from an eye chart.
, Tests for assessing near vision - ANSWER ◦ The Jaeger card, Rosenbaum card, or a
newspaper can be used for testing near vision.
◦ The card or newspaper is held 14ft away.
◦ Shield one eye at a time and have the
patient read through to the smallest line of
letters possible.
◦ A normal result is 14/14.
The Snellen Eye Chart - ANSWER
The Confrontation Test - ANSWER This is an eye exam that tests peripheral vision
To conduct:
◦ Position yourself at eye level 2ft away from
patient.
◦ Have patient look straight at you and cover
one eye with an opaque card.
◦ Cover your own eye opposite of the patient
and place your finger at midline, advancing it in
from the periphery in several directions
Complete Solutions |Latest Update
Questions 2024-2025
Pupillary Light Reflex Test - ANSWER This is a visual reflex test. It tests the subcortical
response to bright light on the retina. Normal result is symmetrical constriction of both pupils.
Direct eye- the eye receiving the light stimulation.
Consensual eye- the simultaneous constriction of the other eye
Accommodation test - ANSWER This is a visual reflex test that evaluates the adaption of the
eye for near vision. Part of the PERRLA evaluation.
To test:
Patient is asked to focus on an object in the background. The patient is asked to shift his/her
gaze to your finger, placed about 6 in from the patient's nose.
Findings:
The pupils should dilate when looking is in the background, and then constrict when looking
in the foreground
PERRLA - ANSWER Pupils are
Equal and
Round and
,React to
Light and
Accommodation
The Pupillary Light Reflex Test and the Accommodation Test are two methods used
for assessing PERRLA.
Test for assessing distant vision - ANSWER The Snellen Eye Chart:
◦ The chart is placed 20 feet from the patient,
at eye-level.
◦ If the patient wears contact lenses or
glasses, they are to leave them on (except
reading glasses)
◦ Shield one eye at a time and have the
patient read through to the smallest line of
letters possible.
◦ Normal vision acuity is 20/20. The numerator
indicates the distance that the person is standing,
and the denominator indicates the distance of
vision of the normal eye.
**e.g. 20/40 would be poor vision & 20/10 would be great vision.
**If you have 20/10 vision, you can see at 20 feet, what a normal person can see at 10
feet from an eye chart.
, Tests for assessing near vision - ANSWER ◦ The Jaeger card, Rosenbaum card, or a
newspaper can be used for testing near vision.
◦ The card or newspaper is held 14ft away.
◦ Shield one eye at a time and have the
patient read through to the smallest line of
letters possible.
◦ A normal result is 14/14.
The Snellen Eye Chart - ANSWER
The Confrontation Test - ANSWER This is an eye exam that tests peripheral vision
To conduct:
◦ Position yourself at eye level 2ft away from
patient.
◦ Have patient look straight at you and cover
one eye with an opaque card.
◦ Cover your own eye opposite of the patient
and place your finger at midline, advancing it in
from the periphery in several directions
