Portage Learning, Microbiology Module
6
virus - correct answer a small, non-cellular particle that cannot replicate unless
inside a living host cell
obligate intracellular parasites - correct answer unable to replicate on their own
2 components of a virus - correct answer genomic material comprised of either
DNA or RNA and a capsid
capsid - correct answer a membrane-like protective structure that contains the
genetic material, similar to the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell
are viruses prokaryotic or eukaryotic? - correct answer Neither, they are acellular
Viral genomes can be either ___________-stranded and may be found in
_________ arrangement - correct answer double- or single- / circular or linear
envelope - correct answer an additional layer around the capsid, derived from
the host cell membrane and serves as an additional barrier to the external
environment
naked (non-enveloped) virus - correct answer a virus simply surrounded by the
protein capsid
The overwhelming majority of animal viruses are __________________ whereas
the majority of plant or bacteria-infecting viruses are not. - correct answer
Enveloped
Differences in ________________ can also significantly influence the shape and
appearance of the virus. - correct answer virion composition
smallpox virus - correct answer an enveloped, ~ 200 nm long and has a distinct
dumbbell shaped viral capsid
poliovirus - correct answer non-enveloped and only ~30 nm in diameter
Differences between viruses are best visualized via an ____________. - correct
answer electron microscope
, Portage Learning, Microbiology Module
6
paramyxoviruses and orthomyxoviruses - correct answer both enveloped,
spherical and ~100-150 nm in diameter but vary drastically in composition and
function
paramyxoviruses - correct answer the causative agent of measles and mumps,
contain a single-stranded linear genome and fuses with the host cell membrane
to initiate entry and viral replication
orthomyxoviruses - correct answer the causative agent of the flu, contain eight
segments of RNA and enters the host cell via endocytosis
Viruses also require ___________________ in order to successfully replicate -
correct answer host cell enzymes
Outside of a host cell viruses have no metabolism and are essentially
___________. - correct answer dormant
viral envelope - correct answer often required to interact with and promote
successful entry into the host cell
Any _______________ required for cell entry must be present on the outer
surface of the viral envelope. - correct answer proteins
As the envelope is derived from the _________________________, this
camouflages the virus and lowers the likelihood of immune detection by making it
appear similar to the normal biological host cell. - correct answer host cell
membrane
Ror all viruses, the genome is replicated following ________________, never
before. - correct answer attachment and entry
first step in viral life cycle - correct answer virus must first attach to the host cell
second step in viral life cycle - correct answer virus quickly penetrates and enters
the cell
third step in viral life cycle - correct answer the capsid disintegrates (uncoating),
as it enters the cytoplasmic space
6
virus - correct answer a small, non-cellular particle that cannot replicate unless
inside a living host cell
obligate intracellular parasites - correct answer unable to replicate on their own
2 components of a virus - correct answer genomic material comprised of either
DNA or RNA and a capsid
capsid - correct answer a membrane-like protective structure that contains the
genetic material, similar to the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell
are viruses prokaryotic or eukaryotic? - correct answer Neither, they are acellular
Viral genomes can be either ___________-stranded and may be found in
_________ arrangement - correct answer double- or single- / circular or linear
envelope - correct answer an additional layer around the capsid, derived from
the host cell membrane and serves as an additional barrier to the external
environment
naked (non-enveloped) virus - correct answer a virus simply surrounded by the
protein capsid
The overwhelming majority of animal viruses are __________________ whereas
the majority of plant or bacteria-infecting viruses are not. - correct answer
Enveloped
Differences in ________________ can also significantly influence the shape and
appearance of the virus. - correct answer virion composition
smallpox virus - correct answer an enveloped, ~ 200 nm long and has a distinct
dumbbell shaped viral capsid
poliovirus - correct answer non-enveloped and only ~30 nm in diameter
Differences between viruses are best visualized via an ____________. - correct
answer electron microscope
, Portage Learning, Microbiology Module
6
paramyxoviruses and orthomyxoviruses - correct answer both enveloped,
spherical and ~100-150 nm in diameter but vary drastically in composition and
function
paramyxoviruses - correct answer the causative agent of measles and mumps,
contain a single-stranded linear genome and fuses with the host cell membrane
to initiate entry and viral replication
orthomyxoviruses - correct answer the causative agent of the flu, contain eight
segments of RNA and enters the host cell via endocytosis
Viruses also require ___________________ in order to successfully replicate -
correct answer host cell enzymes
Outside of a host cell viruses have no metabolism and are essentially
___________. - correct answer dormant
viral envelope - correct answer often required to interact with and promote
successful entry into the host cell
Any _______________ required for cell entry must be present on the outer
surface of the viral envelope. - correct answer proteins
As the envelope is derived from the _________________________, this
camouflages the virus and lowers the likelihood of immune detection by making it
appear similar to the normal biological host cell. - correct answer host cell
membrane
Ror all viruses, the genome is replicated following ________________, never
before. - correct answer attachment and entry
first step in viral life cycle - correct answer virus must first attach to the host cell
second step in viral life cycle - correct answer virus quickly penetrates and enters
the cell
third step in viral life cycle - correct answer the capsid disintegrates (uncoating),
as it enters the cytoplasmic space
