Chapter 9, Infection and Inflammation
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1. A client reports persistent cough. The nurse suspects the client may have developed tuberculosis
(TB). Which diagnostic test does the nurse expect the primary health-care provider to prescribe to
confirm this condition?
1. TB skin test
2. X-ray of the lungs
3. White blood cell (WBC) differentiation
4. Electrocardiogram
2. The nurse is reviewing the complete blood count of a client who presents with fever. The white
blood cell count of the client is 15,000 cells/mL. Which condition has the client developed?
1. Leukocytosis
2. Leukopenia
3. Neutrophilia
4. Monocytes
3. A client reports fever and shortness of breath and is diagnosed with pneumonia. A complete blood
count with differential shows a white blood count of 16,000 cells/mL with 90% neutrophils, 2%
eosinophils, and 1% basophils. Which specific condition has the client developed?
1. Viral pneumonia
2. Bacterial pneumonia
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3. Seasonal influenza
4. Systemic lupus erythematosus
4. While assessing the vital signs of an adult client, the nurse records a blood pressure of 130/85 mm
Hg and body temperature as 103°F. The client’s complete blood count value indicates the presence
of an acute infection. Which is the best nursing intervention for the nurse to implement?
1. Administer aspirin to reduce fever.
2. Monitor for additional vital sign changes.
3. Place cold compresses on the neck and forehead.
4. Call the health-care provider for fever management.
5. A toddler is brought to the hospital with fever. Reports reveal the client has developed an acute
infection. Which nursing intervention does the nurse implement for the client?
1. Administer a pediatric dose of aspirin.
2. Administer a salicylate-based NSAID.
3. Administer the prescribed dose of ibuprofen.
4. Administer the prescribed antibiotic therapy.
6. A client develops an infection after dental implant surgery. Which condition is the client likely to
develop if the infection is left untreated?
1. Septicemia
2. Anthracosis
3. Tuberculosis
, 4. Osteomyelitis
7. An older adult client is receiving care for a stage IV pressure injury. The client is below normal
weight, has an oxygen saturation of 90%, and has a history of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which
nursing intervention does the nurse include in the client’s plan of care?
1. Research methods of improving nutrition
2. Implement a schedule for repositioning
3. Seek a prescription for oxygen therapy
4. Review blood glucose therapy effectiveness
8. The nurse recognizes which physiologic manifestation of acute inflammation?
1. The predominance of neutrophils
2. The predominance of monocytes
3. The predominance of lymphocytes
4. The predominance of macrophages
9. The nurse is performing a prescribed dressing change on an abdominal incision that is 2 days
postoperative. The nurse notices the incision is dry, well approximated, and pink in color. A slight
warmth is detected when the incision is touched. Which phase of wound healing does the nurse
recognize?
1. Hemostasis
2. Inflammation
3. Proliferation
4. Remodeling
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10. A registered nurse is teaching a client about the effects of nutrition on wound healing. Which
statement made by the client indicates the need for further teaching?
1. “I will need dietary supplements for healing.”
2. “Fats are essential for wound healing.”
3. “A protein-rich diet is followed after surgery.”
4. “Vitamins are essential for wound healing.”
11. The nurse is attending to a client during a follow-up visit after knee injections with a steroid for
arthritis. The client asks about delayed healing of lesions on the knees from a fall. Which is the best
answer?
1. “The injected corticosteroid delays the healing process.”
2. “Amitriptyline, an antidepressant, delays the healing process.”
3. “Naproxen, an NSAID, delays the healing process.”
4. “Acetaminophen, an anti-inflammatory, delays the healing process.”
12. While caring for an obese client who has undergone an abdominal surgery, the nurse notices the
client has bouts of vomiting. For which complication of healing is the client at risk?
1. Dehiscence
2. Pressure ulcers
3. Adhesions
4. Keloids
13. A client who recently underwent an abdominal surgery is scheduled for an immediate surgery due to a
wound-healing complication. Which complication of healing is the client likely to have developed?
, 1. Dehiscence
2. Evisceration
3. Keloid
4. Adhesions
14. A nurse is teaching a client with a decubitus ulcer about the nutrients required for wound healing.
Which statement made by the client indicates effective learning?
1. “Consuming orange juice will improve wound healing.”
2. “Consuming dairy products will encourage rapid wound healing.”
3. “Adding zinc to the diet will help prevent wound infection.”
4. “Taking vitamin K will reduce the risk of decubitus ulcers.”
15. Which bacterium proliferates quickly due to ischemia?
1. Clostridium perfringens
2. Treponema pallidum
3. Mycobacteria tuberculi
4. Escherichia coli
16. During an inflammatory response, which components are involved in a respiratory burst from the
mitochondria?
1. Eosinophils
2. Basophils
3. Free radicals
4. Lymphocytes
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17. Which component of the blood does the nurse associate with surrounding and consuming foreign
material?
1. White blood cells
2. Blood plasma
3. Red blood cells
4. Blood platelets
18. A client was brought to the hospital with wounds sustained from a bicycling accident. Which initial
clinical intervention does the nurse carry out to facilitate optimal wound healing?
1. Irrigating vigorously
2. Cleansing with dressing changes
3. Removing foreign matter
4. Monitoring for infection
19. An ultrasound performed on a client shows an abnormal connection between the trachea and
esophagus. Which term does the nurse use to describe the complication?
1. Evisceration
2. Fistula
3. Stricture
4. Contracture
20. Which component enables the blood vessels to dilate and become more permeable during the
vascular phase of inflammation?
1. White blood corpuscles
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1. A client reports persistent cough. The nurse suspects the client may have developed tuberculosis
(TB). Which diagnostic test does the nurse expect the primary health-care provider to prescribe to
confirm this condition?
1. TB skin test
2. X-ray of the lungs
3. White blood cell (WBC) differentiation
4. Electrocardiogram
2. The nurse is reviewing the complete blood count of a client who presents with fever. The white
blood cell count of the client is 15,000 cells/mL. Which condition has the client developed?
1. Leukocytosis
2. Leukopenia
3. Neutrophilia
4. Monocytes
3. A client reports fever and shortness of breath and is diagnosed with pneumonia. A complete blood
count with differential shows a white blood count of 16,000 cells/mL with 90% neutrophils, 2%
eosinophils, and 1% basophils. Which specific condition has the client developed?
1. Viral pneumonia
2. Bacterial pneumonia
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3. Seasonal influenza
4. Systemic lupus erythematosus
4. While assessing the vital signs of an adult client, the nurse records a blood pressure of 130/85 mm
Hg and body temperature as 103°F. The client’s complete blood count value indicates the presence
of an acute infection. Which is the best nursing intervention for the nurse to implement?
1. Administer aspirin to reduce fever.
2. Monitor for additional vital sign changes.
3. Place cold compresses on the neck and forehead.
4. Call the health-care provider for fever management.
5. A toddler is brought to the hospital with fever. Reports reveal the client has developed an acute
infection. Which nursing intervention does the nurse implement for the client?
1. Administer a pediatric dose of aspirin.
2. Administer a salicylate-based NSAID.
3. Administer the prescribed dose of ibuprofen.
4. Administer the prescribed antibiotic therapy.
6. A client develops an infection after dental implant surgery. Which condition is the client likely to
develop if the infection is left untreated?
1. Septicemia
2. Anthracosis
3. Tuberculosis
, 4. Osteomyelitis
7. An older adult client is receiving care for a stage IV pressure injury. The client is below normal
weight, has an oxygen saturation of 90%, and has a history of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which
nursing intervention does the nurse include in the client’s plan of care?
1. Research methods of improving nutrition
2. Implement a schedule for repositioning
3. Seek a prescription for oxygen therapy
4. Review blood glucose therapy effectiveness
8. The nurse recognizes which physiologic manifestation of acute inflammation?
1. The predominance of neutrophils
2. The predominance of monocytes
3. The predominance of lymphocytes
4. The predominance of macrophages
9. The nurse is performing a prescribed dressing change on an abdominal incision that is 2 days
postoperative. The nurse notices the incision is dry, well approximated, and pink in color. A slight
warmth is detected when the incision is touched. Which phase of wound healing does the nurse
recognize?
1. Hemostasis
2. Inflammation
3. Proliferation
4. Remodeling
NURSINGTB.COM
10. A registered nurse is teaching a client about the effects of nutrition on wound healing. Which
statement made by the client indicates the need for further teaching?
1. “I will need dietary supplements for healing.”
2. “Fats are essential for wound healing.”
3. “A protein-rich diet is followed after surgery.”
4. “Vitamins are essential for wound healing.”
11. The nurse is attending to a client during a follow-up visit after knee injections with a steroid for
arthritis. The client asks about delayed healing of lesions on the knees from a fall. Which is the best
answer?
1. “The injected corticosteroid delays the healing process.”
2. “Amitriptyline, an antidepressant, delays the healing process.”
3. “Naproxen, an NSAID, delays the healing process.”
4. “Acetaminophen, an anti-inflammatory, delays the healing process.”
12. While caring for an obese client who has undergone an abdominal surgery, the nurse notices the
client has bouts of vomiting. For which complication of healing is the client at risk?
1. Dehiscence
2. Pressure ulcers
3. Adhesions
4. Keloids
13. A client who recently underwent an abdominal surgery is scheduled for an immediate surgery due to a
wound-healing complication. Which complication of healing is the client likely to have developed?
, 1. Dehiscence
2. Evisceration
3. Keloid
4. Adhesions
14. A nurse is teaching a client with a decubitus ulcer about the nutrients required for wound healing.
Which statement made by the client indicates effective learning?
1. “Consuming orange juice will improve wound healing.”
2. “Consuming dairy products will encourage rapid wound healing.”
3. “Adding zinc to the diet will help prevent wound infection.”
4. “Taking vitamin K will reduce the risk of decubitus ulcers.”
15. Which bacterium proliferates quickly due to ischemia?
1. Clostridium perfringens
2. Treponema pallidum
3. Mycobacteria tuberculi
4. Escherichia coli
16. During an inflammatory response, which components are involved in a respiratory burst from the
mitochondria?
1. Eosinophils
2. Basophils
3. Free radicals
4. Lymphocytes
NURSINGTB.COM
17. Which component of the blood does the nurse associate with surrounding and consuming foreign
material?
1. White blood cells
2. Blood plasma
3. Red blood cells
4. Blood platelets
18. A client was brought to the hospital with wounds sustained from a bicycling accident. Which initial
clinical intervention does the nurse carry out to facilitate optimal wound healing?
1. Irrigating vigorously
2. Cleansing with dressing changes
3. Removing foreign matter
4. Monitoring for infection
19. An ultrasound performed on a client shows an abnormal connection between the trachea and
esophagus. Which term does the nurse use to describe the complication?
1. Evisceration
2. Fistula
3. Stricture
4. Contracture
20. Which component enables the blood vessels to dilate and become more permeable during the
vascular phase of inflammation?
1. White blood corpuscles
