HESI - MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING
TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Whenxdescribingxpatientxeducationxapproaches,xthexnursexeducatorxwouldxexplainxthatxin
formalxteachingxisxanxapproachxthat
a.xfollowsxformalizedxplans
b.xhasxstandardizedxcontent
c.xoftenxoccursxone-to-one
d.xaddressesxgroupxneedsx-
xans✔✔C.xInformalxteachingxisxindividualizedxonexonxonexteachingxwhichxrepresentsxthex
majorityxofxpatientxeducationxdonexbyxnursesxthatxoccursxwhenxanxinterventionxisxexplaine
dxorxaxquestionxisxanswered.xGroupxneedsxarexoftenxthexfocusxofxformalxpatientxeducation
xcoursesxorxclasses.xInformalxteachingxdoesxnotxnecessarilyxfollowxaxspecificxformalizedxp
lan.xItxmayxbexplannedxwithxspecificxcontent,xbutxitxisxindividualizedxresponsesxtoxpatientxn
eeds.xFormalxteachingxinvolvesxthexusexofxaxcurriculum/
coursexplanxwithxstandardizedxcontent.
Axpatientxexpressesxaxstrongxinterestxinxreturningxtoxtheirxwork,xfamily,xandxhobbiesxafterx
havingxaxstroke.xWhichxtheoryxtypexwouldxthexnursexusextoxdevelopxaxplanxofxcarexforxthex
bestxresultsxofxthisxpatient'sxmotivationxstyle?
a.xfield
b.xbiological
c.xcognitive
d.xsociologicx-
xans✔✔C.xCognitivextheoristsxbelievexthatxattention,xrelevance,xconfidence,xandxsatisfacti
onx(ARCS)xarexthexconditionsxthat,xwhenxintegrated,xmotivatexsomeonextoxlearn.xFieldxth
eoristsxplacexsignificancexonxhowxachievement,xpower,xthexneedxforxaffiliation,xandxavoid
ancexmotivesxinfluencexindividualxbehavior.xSociologicxtheoriesxarexnotxinvolvedxinxmotiv
ation.
Thexnursexisxassessingxaxgroupxofxclients.xWhichxclientsxarexatxgreaterxriskxforxhypothermi
axorxfrostbite?x(selectxallxthatxapply)
a.xanxolderxwomanxwithxhypertension
b.xaxyoungxmanxwithxaxbodyxmassxindexxofx42
c.xaxyoungxmanyxwhoxhasxjustxconsumedxsixxmartinis
d.xanxolderxmanxwhoxsmokesxaxpackxofxcigarettesxaxday
e.xaxyoungxwomanxwhoxisxanorexic
f.xaxyoungxwomanxwhoxisxdiabeticx-xans✔✔C,xD,xE,xF
,clientsxwithxpoorxnutrition,xfatigue,xandxmultiplexchronicxillnessesxarexatxgreaterxriskxforxhy
pothermia.xClientsxwhoxsmoke,xconsumexalcohol,xorxhaveximpairedxperipheralxcirculationx
havexaxhigherxincidencexofxfrostbite.
Whichxstatementxmadexbyxaxnursexrepresentsxthexneedxforxfurtherxeducationxregardingxp
ainxmanagementxinxolderxadultxclients?
a.xolderxadultsxtendxtoxreportxpainxlessxoftenxthanxyoungerxadults
b.xolderxclientsxusuallyxhavexmorexexperiencexwithxpainxthanxyoungerxclients
c.xolderxadultsxarexatxgreatestxriskxforxunderxtreatedxpain
d.xolderxclientsxhavexaxdifferentxpainxmechanismxandxdoxnotxfeelxitxasxmuchx-xans✔✔D
Therexisxnoxevidencextoxsupportxthexideaxthatxolderxadultxclientsxperceivexpainxanyxdiffere
ntlyxthanxyoungerxclients.xThexotherxstatementsxarexaccuratexregardingxolderxclientsxandx
pain.
Thexnursexisxworkingxatxaxfirstxaidxboothxforxaxspringxtrainingxgamexonxaxhotxday.xAxspecta
torxcomesxin,xreportingxthatxhexisxnotxfeelingxwell.xVitalxsignsxarextempx104.1xF,xpulsex132x
BPM,xrespirsx26xbreaths/
min,xandxbloodxpressurex106/66xmmxHg.xHextripsxoverxhisxfeetxasxthexnursexleadsxhimxtox
axcot.xWhatxisxthexprioryxactionxofxthexnurse?
a.xadminxtylenolx650xmgxorally
b.xencouragexrest,xandxreassessxinx15xminutes
c.xspongexthexvictimxwithxcoolxwaterxandxremovexhisxshirt
d.xencouragexdrinkingxofxcoolxwaterxorxsportsxdrinkx-xans✔✔C
Thexspectatorxshowsxsignsxofxheatxstroke,xwhichxisxaxmedicalxemergency.xThexspectatorx
shouldxbextransportedxtoxthexEDxASAP.xThexnursxshouldxtakexactionsxtoxlowerxhisxbodyxte
mpxinxtehxmeantimexbyxremovingxhisxshirtxandxspongingxhisxbodyxwithxcoolxwater.xLoweri
ngxbodyxtempxbyxdrinkingxcoolxfluidsxorxtakingxacetaminophenxisxnotxasxeffectivexinxanxem
ergencyxsituation.xThexclientxneedsxtoxbexcooledxquicklyxandxisxaxpriorityxforxtreatment
ThexclientxisxreceivingxanxIVxofx60xmEqxofxpotassiumxchloridexinax1000xmLxsolutionxofxdex
trosex5%xinx0.45%xsaline.xThexclientxstatesxthatxthexareaxaroundxthexIVxsitexburns.xWhatxi
nterventionxdoesxthexnursexperformxfirst?
a.xassessxforxaxbloodxreturn
b.xnotifyxthexphysician
c.xdocumentxthexfinding
d.xstopxthexIVxinfusionx-xans✔✔D
Potassiumxisxaxseverextissuexirritant.xThexsafestxactionxisxtoxdiscontinuexthexsolutionxthatx
containsxthexpotassiumxandxdiscontinuexthexIVxaltogether,xinxwhichxcasexthexclientxwouldx
needxanotherxsitexstarted.xAssessingxforxaxbloodxreturnxmayxorxmayxnotxbexsuccessful.xTh
,exsolutionxcouldxbexdilutedx(lessxpotassium)xandxthexratexcouldxbexslowedxoncexitxisxdeter
minedxthatxthexneedlexisxinxthexvein.
Axnursexisxcaringxforxanxolderxadultxclientxwhoxlivesxalone.xWhichxeconomicxsituationxpres
entsxthexmostxseriousxproblemxforxthisxclient?
a.xcostsxofxcreatingxaxlivingxwill
b.xstockxmarketxfluctuations
c.xincreasedxproviderxbenefits
d.xsocialxsecurityxasxthexbasisxofxincomex-xans✔✔D
Olderxadultsxonxfixedxincomesxarexunablextoxadjustxtheirxincomextoxmeetxrisingxcostsxasso
ciatedxwithxmeetingxbasicxneeds
Controllingxpainxisximportantxtoxpromotingxwellness.xUnrelievedxpainxhasxbeenxassociate
dxwithx
a.xprolongedxstressxresponsexandxaxcascadexofxharmfulxeffectsxsystemxwide.
b.xdecreasedxtumorxgrowthxandxlongevity
c.xlargextidalxvolumesxandxdecreasedxlungxcapacity
d.xdecreasedxcarbohydrate,xprotein,xandxfatxdestructionx-xans✔✔A
Painxtriggersxaxnumberxofxphysiologicxstressxresponsesxinxthexhumanxbody.xUnrelievedxp
ainxcanxprolongxthexstressxresponsexandxproducexaxcascadexofxharmfulxeffectsxinxallxbody
xsystems.xThexstressxresponsexcausesxthexendocrinexsystemxtoxreleasexexcessivexamou
ntsxofxhormones,xsuchxasxcortisol,xcatecholamines,xandxglucagon.xInsulinxandxtestostero
nexlevelsxdecrease.xIncreasedxendocrinexactivityxinxturnxinitiatesxaxnumberxofxmetabolicxp
rocesses,xinxparticular,xacceleratedxcarbohydrate,xprotein,xandxfatxdestruction,xwhcihxcanx
resultxinxweightxloss,xtachycardia,xincreasedxrespiratoryxrate,xshock,xandxevenxdeath.xThe
ximmunexsystemxisxalsoxaffectedxbyxpainxasxdemonstratedxbyxresearchxshowingxaxlinkxbet
weenxunrelievedxpainxandxaxhigherxincidencexofxnosocomialxinfectionsxandxincreasedxtum
orxgrowth.xLargextidalxvolumesxarexnotxassociatedxwithxpainxwhilexdecreasedxlungxcapacit
yxisxassociatedxwithxunrelievedxpain.xDecreasedxtumorxgrowthxandxlongevityxarexnotxasso
ciatedxwithxunrelievedxpain.xDecreasedxcarbs,xprotein,xandxfatxarexnotxassociatedxwithxpai
nxorxstressxresponse.
Whichxinterventionxinxaxclientxwithxdehydrationxinducedxconfusionxisxmostxlikelyxtoxrelievex
thexconfusion?
a.xincreasingxthexIVxflowxratextox250xmL/hr
b.xapplyingxoxygenxbyxmaskxorxnasalxcannula
c.xplacingxthexclientxinxaxhighxFowler'sxposition
d.xMeasuringxintakexandxoutputxeveryxfourxhoursx-xans✔✔A
Dehydrationxmostxfrequentlyxleadsxtoxpoorxcerebraxperfusionxandxcerebralxhypoxia,xcausi
ngxconfusion.xApplyingxoxygenxcanxreducexconfusion,xevenxifxperfusionxisxstillxlessxthanxo
ptimum.xIncreasingxthexIVxflowxratexwouldxincreasexperfusion.xHowever,xdependingxonxth
, exdegreexofxdehydration,xrehydratingxthexpersonxtooxrapidlyxwithxIVxfluidsxcanxleadxtoxcere
bralxedema.
Whichxclientxisxatxgreatestxriskxforxdehydration?
a.xyoungerxadultxclientxonxbedrest
b.xolderxadultxclientxreceivingxhypotonicxIVxfluid
c.xolderxadultxclientxwithxcognitiveximpairment
d.xyoungerxadultxclientxreceivingxhypertonicxIVxfluidx-xans✔✔C
Olderxadults,xbecausextheyxhavexlessxtotalxbodyxwaterxthanxyoungerxadults,xarexatxgreater
xriskxforxdevelopmentxofxdehydration.xAnyonexwhoxisxcognitivelyximpairedxandxcannotxobt
ainxfluidsxindependentlyxorxcannotxmakexhisxorxherxneedxforxfluidsxknownxisxatxhighxriskxfor
xdehydration
Axnursexisxcaringxforxseveralxclients.xWhichxclientxdoesxthexnursexassessxmostxcarefullyxfo
rxhyperkalemia?
a.xclientxwithxtypex2xdiabetesxtakingxanxoralxanti-diabeticxagent
b.xclientxwithxheartxfailurexusingxaxsaltxsubstitute
c.xclientxtakingxaxthiazidexdiureticxforxhypertension
d.xclientxtakingxnon-steroidalxanti-inflammatoryxdrugsxdailyx-xans✔✔B
Manyxsaltxsubstitutesxarexcomposedxofxpotassiumxchloride.xHeavyxusexcnaxcontributextoxt
hexdevelopmentxofxhyperkalemia.xThexclientxshouldxbextaughtxtoxreadxlabelsxandxtoxchoos
exaxsaltxsubstitutexthatxdoesxnotxcontainxpotassium.xNSAIDsxpromotexthexretentionxofxsodi
umxbutxnotxpotassium.
Anxolderxadultxclientxpresentsxwithxsignsxandxsymptomsxrelatedxtoxdigxtoxicity.xWhichxagex
relatedxchangexmayxhavexcontributedxtoxthisxproblem?
a.xdecreasedxrenalxbloodxflow
b.xincreasedxgastrointestinalxmotility
c.xdecreasedxratioxofxadiposextissuextoxleanxbodyxmass
d.xincreasedxtotalxbodyxwaterx-xans✔✔A
Decreasedxrenalxbloodxflowxandxreducedxglomerularxfiltrationxcanxresultxinxslowerxmedica
tionxexcretionxtime,xpotentiallyxleadingxtoxtoxicxdrugxaccumulation.xAgingxresultsxinxdecrea
sedxtotalxbodyxwaterxandxgastrointestinalxmotilityxandxanxincreasexinxthexratioxofxadiposexti
ssuextoxleanxbodyxmass,xbutxisxnotxrelatedxtoxdigxtoxicity.
Axclientxisxbeingxtreatedxforxdehydration.xWhichxstatementxmadexbyxthexclientxindicatesxun
derstandingxofxthisxcondition?
a.xIxwillxusexaxsaltxsubstitutexwhenxmakingxandxeatingxmyxmeals.
b.xIxmustxdrinkxaxquartxofxwaterxorxotherxliquidxeachxday.
TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Whenxdescribingxpatientxeducationxapproaches,xthexnursexeducatorxwouldxexplainxthatxin
formalxteachingxisxanxapproachxthat
a.xfollowsxformalizedxplans
b.xhasxstandardizedxcontent
c.xoftenxoccursxone-to-one
d.xaddressesxgroupxneedsx-
xans✔✔C.xInformalxteachingxisxindividualizedxonexonxonexteachingxwhichxrepresentsxthex
majorityxofxpatientxeducationxdonexbyxnursesxthatxoccursxwhenxanxinterventionxisxexplaine
dxorxaxquestionxisxanswered.xGroupxneedsxarexoftenxthexfocusxofxformalxpatientxeducation
xcoursesxorxclasses.xInformalxteachingxdoesxnotxnecessarilyxfollowxaxspecificxformalizedxp
lan.xItxmayxbexplannedxwithxspecificxcontent,xbutxitxisxindividualizedxresponsesxtoxpatientxn
eeds.xFormalxteachingxinvolvesxthexusexofxaxcurriculum/
coursexplanxwithxstandardizedxcontent.
Axpatientxexpressesxaxstrongxinterestxinxreturningxtoxtheirxwork,xfamily,xandxhobbiesxafterx
havingxaxstroke.xWhichxtheoryxtypexwouldxthexnursexusextoxdevelopxaxplanxofxcarexforxthex
bestxresultsxofxthisxpatient'sxmotivationxstyle?
a.xfield
b.xbiological
c.xcognitive
d.xsociologicx-
xans✔✔C.xCognitivextheoristsxbelievexthatxattention,xrelevance,xconfidence,xandxsatisfacti
onx(ARCS)xarexthexconditionsxthat,xwhenxintegrated,xmotivatexsomeonextoxlearn.xFieldxth
eoristsxplacexsignificancexonxhowxachievement,xpower,xthexneedxforxaffiliation,xandxavoid
ancexmotivesxinfluencexindividualxbehavior.xSociologicxtheoriesxarexnotxinvolvedxinxmotiv
ation.
Thexnursexisxassessingxaxgroupxofxclients.xWhichxclientsxarexatxgreaterxriskxforxhypothermi
axorxfrostbite?x(selectxallxthatxapply)
a.xanxolderxwomanxwithxhypertension
b.xaxyoungxmanxwithxaxbodyxmassxindexxofx42
c.xaxyoungxmanyxwhoxhasxjustxconsumedxsixxmartinis
d.xanxolderxmanxwhoxsmokesxaxpackxofxcigarettesxaxday
e.xaxyoungxwomanxwhoxisxanorexic
f.xaxyoungxwomanxwhoxisxdiabeticx-xans✔✔C,xD,xE,xF
,clientsxwithxpoorxnutrition,xfatigue,xandxmultiplexchronicxillnessesxarexatxgreaterxriskxforxhy
pothermia.xClientsxwhoxsmoke,xconsumexalcohol,xorxhaveximpairedxperipheralxcirculationx
havexaxhigherxincidencexofxfrostbite.
Whichxstatementxmadexbyxaxnursexrepresentsxthexneedxforxfurtherxeducationxregardingxp
ainxmanagementxinxolderxadultxclients?
a.xolderxadultsxtendxtoxreportxpainxlessxoftenxthanxyoungerxadults
b.xolderxclientsxusuallyxhavexmorexexperiencexwithxpainxthanxyoungerxclients
c.xolderxadultsxarexatxgreatestxriskxforxunderxtreatedxpain
d.xolderxclientsxhavexaxdifferentxpainxmechanismxandxdoxnotxfeelxitxasxmuchx-xans✔✔D
Therexisxnoxevidencextoxsupportxthexideaxthatxolderxadultxclientsxperceivexpainxanyxdiffere
ntlyxthanxyoungerxclients.xThexotherxstatementsxarexaccuratexregardingxolderxclientsxandx
pain.
Thexnursexisxworkingxatxaxfirstxaidxboothxforxaxspringxtrainingxgamexonxaxhotxday.xAxspecta
torxcomesxin,xreportingxthatxhexisxnotxfeelingxwell.xVitalxsignsxarextempx104.1xF,xpulsex132x
BPM,xrespirsx26xbreaths/
min,xandxbloodxpressurex106/66xmmxHg.xHextripsxoverxhisxfeetxasxthexnursexleadsxhimxtox
axcot.xWhatxisxthexprioryxactionxofxthexnurse?
a.xadminxtylenolx650xmgxorally
b.xencouragexrest,xandxreassessxinx15xminutes
c.xspongexthexvictimxwithxcoolxwaterxandxremovexhisxshirt
d.xencouragexdrinkingxofxcoolxwaterxorxsportsxdrinkx-xans✔✔C
Thexspectatorxshowsxsignsxofxheatxstroke,xwhichxisxaxmedicalxemergency.xThexspectatorx
shouldxbextransportedxtoxthexEDxASAP.xThexnursxshouldxtakexactionsxtoxlowerxhisxbodyxte
mpxinxtehxmeantimexbyxremovingxhisxshirtxandxspongingxhisxbodyxwithxcoolxwater.xLoweri
ngxbodyxtempxbyxdrinkingxcoolxfluidsxorxtakingxacetaminophenxisxnotxasxeffectivexinxanxem
ergencyxsituation.xThexclientxneedsxtoxbexcooledxquicklyxandxisxaxpriorityxforxtreatment
ThexclientxisxreceivingxanxIVxofx60xmEqxofxpotassiumxchloridexinax1000xmLxsolutionxofxdex
trosex5%xinx0.45%xsaline.xThexclientxstatesxthatxthexareaxaroundxthexIVxsitexburns.xWhatxi
nterventionxdoesxthexnursexperformxfirst?
a.xassessxforxaxbloodxreturn
b.xnotifyxthexphysician
c.xdocumentxthexfinding
d.xstopxthexIVxinfusionx-xans✔✔D
Potassiumxisxaxseverextissuexirritant.xThexsafestxactionxisxtoxdiscontinuexthexsolutionxthatx
containsxthexpotassiumxandxdiscontinuexthexIVxaltogether,xinxwhichxcasexthexclientxwouldx
needxanotherxsitexstarted.xAssessingxforxaxbloodxreturnxmayxorxmayxnotxbexsuccessful.xTh
,exsolutionxcouldxbexdilutedx(lessxpotassium)xandxthexratexcouldxbexslowedxoncexitxisxdeter
minedxthatxthexneedlexisxinxthexvein.
Axnursexisxcaringxforxanxolderxadultxclientxwhoxlivesxalone.xWhichxeconomicxsituationxpres
entsxthexmostxseriousxproblemxforxthisxclient?
a.xcostsxofxcreatingxaxlivingxwill
b.xstockxmarketxfluctuations
c.xincreasedxproviderxbenefits
d.xsocialxsecurityxasxthexbasisxofxincomex-xans✔✔D
Olderxadultsxonxfixedxincomesxarexunablextoxadjustxtheirxincomextoxmeetxrisingxcostsxasso
ciatedxwithxmeetingxbasicxneeds
Controllingxpainxisximportantxtoxpromotingxwellness.xUnrelievedxpainxhasxbeenxassociate
dxwithx
a.xprolongedxstressxresponsexandxaxcascadexofxharmfulxeffectsxsystemxwide.
b.xdecreasedxtumorxgrowthxandxlongevity
c.xlargextidalxvolumesxandxdecreasedxlungxcapacity
d.xdecreasedxcarbohydrate,xprotein,xandxfatxdestructionx-xans✔✔A
Painxtriggersxaxnumberxofxphysiologicxstressxresponsesxinxthexhumanxbody.xUnrelievedxp
ainxcanxprolongxthexstressxresponsexandxproducexaxcascadexofxharmfulxeffectsxinxallxbody
xsystems.xThexstressxresponsexcausesxthexendocrinexsystemxtoxreleasexexcessivexamou
ntsxofxhormones,xsuchxasxcortisol,xcatecholamines,xandxglucagon.xInsulinxandxtestostero
nexlevelsxdecrease.xIncreasedxendocrinexactivityxinxturnxinitiatesxaxnumberxofxmetabolicxp
rocesses,xinxparticular,xacceleratedxcarbohydrate,xprotein,xandxfatxdestruction,xwhcihxcanx
resultxinxweightxloss,xtachycardia,xincreasedxrespiratoryxrate,xshock,xandxevenxdeath.xThe
ximmunexsystemxisxalsoxaffectedxbyxpainxasxdemonstratedxbyxresearchxshowingxaxlinkxbet
weenxunrelievedxpainxandxaxhigherxincidencexofxnosocomialxinfectionsxandxincreasedxtum
orxgrowth.xLargextidalxvolumesxarexnotxassociatedxwithxpainxwhilexdecreasedxlungxcapacit
yxisxassociatedxwithxunrelievedxpain.xDecreasedxtumorxgrowthxandxlongevityxarexnotxasso
ciatedxwithxunrelievedxpain.xDecreasedxcarbs,xprotein,xandxfatxarexnotxassociatedxwithxpai
nxorxstressxresponse.
Whichxinterventionxinxaxclientxwithxdehydrationxinducedxconfusionxisxmostxlikelyxtoxrelievex
thexconfusion?
a.xincreasingxthexIVxflowxratextox250xmL/hr
b.xapplyingxoxygenxbyxmaskxorxnasalxcannula
c.xplacingxthexclientxinxaxhighxFowler'sxposition
d.xMeasuringxintakexandxoutputxeveryxfourxhoursx-xans✔✔A
Dehydrationxmostxfrequentlyxleadsxtoxpoorxcerebraxperfusionxandxcerebralxhypoxia,xcausi
ngxconfusion.xApplyingxoxygenxcanxreducexconfusion,xevenxifxperfusionxisxstillxlessxthanxo
ptimum.xIncreasingxthexIVxflowxratexwouldxincreasexperfusion.xHowever,xdependingxonxth
, exdegreexofxdehydration,xrehydratingxthexpersonxtooxrapidlyxwithxIVxfluidsxcanxleadxtoxcere
bralxedema.
Whichxclientxisxatxgreatestxriskxforxdehydration?
a.xyoungerxadultxclientxonxbedrest
b.xolderxadultxclientxreceivingxhypotonicxIVxfluid
c.xolderxadultxclientxwithxcognitiveximpairment
d.xyoungerxadultxclientxreceivingxhypertonicxIVxfluidx-xans✔✔C
Olderxadults,xbecausextheyxhavexlessxtotalxbodyxwaterxthanxyoungerxadults,xarexatxgreater
xriskxforxdevelopmentxofxdehydration.xAnyonexwhoxisxcognitivelyximpairedxandxcannotxobt
ainxfluidsxindependentlyxorxcannotxmakexhisxorxherxneedxforxfluidsxknownxisxatxhighxriskxfor
xdehydration
Axnursexisxcaringxforxseveralxclients.xWhichxclientxdoesxthexnursexassessxmostxcarefullyxfo
rxhyperkalemia?
a.xclientxwithxtypex2xdiabetesxtakingxanxoralxanti-diabeticxagent
b.xclientxwithxheartxfailurexusingxaxsaltxsubstitute
c.xclientxtakingxaxthiazidexdiureticxforxhypertension
d.xclientxtakingxnon-steroidalxanti-inflammatoryxdrugsxdailyx-xans✔✔B
Manyxsaltxsubstitutesxarexcomposedxofxpotassiumxchloride.xHeavyxusexcnaxcontributextoxt
hexdevelopmentxofxhyperkalemia.xThexclientxshouldxbextaughtxtoxreadxlabelsxandxtoxchoos
exaxsaltxsubstitutexthatxdoesxnotxcontainxpotassium.xNSAIDsxpromotexthexretentionxofxsodi
umxbutxnotxpotassium.
Anxolderxadultxclientxpresentsxwithxsignsxandxsymptomsxrelatedxtoxdigxtoxicity.xWhichxagex
relatedxchangexmayxhavexcontributedxtoxthisxproblem?
a.xdecreasedxrenalxbloodxflow
b.xincreasedxgastrointestinalxmotility
c.xdecreasedxratioxofxadiposextissuextoxleanxbodyxmass
d.xincreasedxtotalxbodyxwaterx-xans✔✔A
Decreasedxrenalxbloodxflowxandxreducedxglomerularxfiltrationxcanxresultxinxslowerxmedica
tionxexcretionxtime,xpotentiallyxleadingxtoxtoxicxdrugxaccumulation.xAgingxresultsxinxdecrea
sedxtotalxbodyxwaterxandxgastrointestinalxmotilityxandxanxincreasexinxthexratioxofxadiposexti
ssuextoxleanxbodyxmass,xbutxisxnotxrelatedxtoxdigxtoxicity.
Axclientxisxbeingxtreatedxforxdehydration.xWhichxstatementxmadexbyxthexclientxindicatesxun
derstandingxofxthisxcondition?
a.xIxwillxusexaxsaltxsubstitutexwhenxmakingxandxeatingxmyxmeals.
b.xIxmustxdrinkxaxquartxofxwaterxorxotherxliquidxeachxday.
