Test Bank for Janeway’s Immunobiology, 11th
Edition Kenneth M. Murphy, Casey Weaver
Describes two individuals or two mouse strains that differ at genes in the MHC. The
term can also be used for allelic differences at other loci. - ANSWER allogeneic
The recognition by T cells of MHC molecules other than self. Such responses are
also called alloreactions or alloreactive responses. - ANSWER alloreactivity (adj.
alloreactive)
The display of antigen on the surface of a cell in the form of peptide fragments bound
to MHC molecules. T cells recognize antigen when it is presented in this way. -
ANSWER antigen presentation
The intracellular degradation of foreign proteins into peptides that can bind to MHC
molecules for presentation to T cells. All protein antigens must be processed into
peptides before they can be presented by MHC molecules. - ANSWER antigen
processing
The digestion and breakdown by a cell of its own organelles and proteins in
lysosomes. It may be one route by which cytosolic proteins can be processed for
presentation on MHC class II molecules. - ANSWER autophagy
A chaperone protein in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that binds to partly folded
members of the immunoglobulin superfamily of proteins and retains them in the ER
until folding is complete. - ANSWER calnexin
A chaperone protein in the endoplasmic reticulum that, together with ERp57 and
tapasin, forms the peptide-loading complex that loads peptides onto newly
synthesized MHC class I molecules. - ANSWER calreticulin
Small family of MHC class I-like proteins that are not encoded in the MHC and can
present glycolipid antigens to CD4 T cells. - ANSWER CD1
A peptide of variable length cleaved from the invariant chain (Ii) by proteases. It
remains associated with the MHC class II molecule in an unstable form until it is
removed by the HLA-DM protein. - ANSWER class II-associated invariant chain
peptide (CLIP)
Describes the situation in which the two alleles of a gene are expressed in roughly
equal amounts in the heterozygote. Most genes show this property, including the
highly polymorphic MHC genes. - ANSWER codominant
The process by which extracellular proteins taken up by dendritic cells can give rise
to peptides presented by MHC class I molecules. It enables antigens from
, extracellular sources to be presented by MHC class I molecules and activate CD8 T
cells. - ANSWER cross-presentation
Peptides translated from introns in improperly spliced mRNAs, translations of
frameshifts, and improperly folded proteins, which are recognized and tagged by
ubiquitin for rapid degradation by the proteasome. - ANSWER defective ribosomal
products (DRiP's)
In reference to viral defense mechanisms, the degradation of newly synthesized
MHC class I molecules by viral proteins. - ANSWER dislocation
The subset of differentiated effector T cells carrying the CD4 co-receptor molecule,
which includes the TH1, TH2, TH17, and regulatory T cells. - ANSWER effector CD4
T cells
Enzyme in the endoplasmic reticulum that trims polypeptides to a size at which they
can bind to MHC class I molecules. - ANSWER endoplasmic reticulum
aminopeptidase associated with antigen processing (ERAAP)
Membrane-enclosed intracellular vesicles in which material is carried from and to the
cell exterior. Antigen taken up by phagocytosis generally enters the endosomal
system. - ANSWER endosomes
A chaperone protein involved in loading peptide onto MHC class I molecules in the
endoplasmic reticulum. - ANSWER Erp57
A linked set of genes on a chromosome that are typically inherited without
undergoing recombination. The term is used mainly in connection with the linked
genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), which is usually inherited as
one haplotype from each parent. - ANSWER haplotype
Describes individuals that have two different alleles of a given gene, one inherited
from the mother and one from the father. - ANSWER heterozygous
The ability of tissues from one individual to be accepted (histocompatible tissues) or
rejected (histoincompatible tissues) if transplanted to another individual. - ANSWER
histocompatibility
Any tissue antigens that provoke an immune response in a genetically nonidentical
member of the same species. The major histocompatibility antigens, also known as
MHC molecules, are encoded in the MHC, and are also the molecules that present
foreign peptides to T cells. Minor histocompatibility antigens comprise other
polymorphic proteins that can be recognized as foreign by an unrelated individual. -
ANSWER histocompatibility antigens (H antigens)
The acronym for human leukocyte antigen. It is the genetic designation for the
human MHC. Individual loci are designated by upper-case letters, as in HLA-A, and
alleles are designated by numbers, as in HLA-A*0201. - ANSWER HLA
Edition Kenneth M. Murphy, Casey Weaver
Describes two individuals or two mouse strains that differ at genes in the MHC. The
term can also be used for allelic differences at other loci. - ANSWER allogeneic
The recognition by T cells of MHC molecules other than self. Such responses are
also called alloreactions or alloreactive responses. - ANSWER alloreactivity (adj.
alloreactive)
The display of antigen on the surface of a cell in the form of peptide fragments bound
to MHC molecules. T cells recognize antigen when it is presented in this way. -
ANSWER antigen presentation
The intracellular degradation of foreign proteins into peptides that can bind to MHC
molecules for presentation to T cells. All protein antigens must be processed into
peptides before they can be presented by MHC molecules. - ANSWER antigen
processing
The digestion and breakdown by a cell of its own organelles and proteins in
lysosomes. It may be one route by which cytosolic proteins can be processed for
presentation on MHC class II molecules. - ANSWER autophagy
A chaperone protein in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that binds to partly folded
members of the immunoglobulin superfamily of proteins and retains them in the ER
until folding is complete. - ANSWER calnexin
A chaperone protein in the endoplasmic reticulum that, together with ERp57 and
tapasin, forms the peptide-loading complex that loads peptides onto newly
synthesized MHC class I molecules. - ANSWER calreticulin
Small family of MHC class I-like proteins that are not encoded in the MHC and can
present glycolipid antigens to CD4 T cells. - ANSWER CD1
A peptide of variable length cleaved from the invariant chain (Ii) by proteases. It
remains associated with the MHC class II molecule in an unstable form until it is
removed by the HLA-DM protein. - ANSWER class II-associated invariant chain
peptide (CLIP)
Describes the situation in which the two alleles of a gene are expressed in roughly
equal amounts in the heterozygote. Most genes show this property, including the
highly polymorphic MHC genes. - ANSWER codominant
The process by which extracellular proteins taken up by dendritic cells can give rise
to peptides presented by MHC class I molecules. It enables antigens from
, extracellular sources to be presented by MHC class I molecules and activate CD8 T
cells. - ANSWER cross-presentation
Peptides translated from introns in improperly spliced mRNAs, translations of
frameshifts, and improperly folded proteins, which are recognized and tagged by
ubiquitin for rapid degradation by the proteasome. - ANSWER defective ribosomal
products (DRiP's)
In reference to viral defense mechanisms, the degradation of newly synthesized
MHC class I molecules by viral proteins. - ANSWER dislocation
The subset of differentiated effector T cells carrying the CD4 co-receptor molecule,
which includes the TH1, TH2, TH17, and regulatory T cells. - ANSWER effector CD4
T cells
Enzyme in the endoplasmic reticulum that trims polypeptides to a size at which they
can bind to MHC class I molecules. - ANSWER endoplasmic reticulum
aminopeptidase associated with antigen processing (ERAAP)
Membrane-enclosed intracellular vesicles in which material is carried from and to the
cell exterior. Antigen taken up by phagocytosis generally enters the endosomal
system. - ANSWER endosomes
A chaperone protein involved in loading peptide onto MHC class I molecules in the
endoplasmic reticulum. - ANSWER Erp57
A linked set of genes on a chromosome that are typically inherited without
undergoing recombination. The term is used mainly in connection with the linked
genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), which is usually inherited as
one haplotype from each parent. - ANSWER haplotype
Describes individuals that have two different alleles of a given gene, one inherited
from the mother and one from the father. - ANSWER heterozygous
The ability of tissues from one individual to be accepted (histocompatible tissues) or
rejected (histoincompatible tissues) if transplanted to another individual. - ANSWER
histocompatibility
Any tissue antigens that provoke an immune response in a genetically nonidentical
member of the same species. The major histocompatibility antigens, also known as
MHC molecules, are encoded in the MHC, and are also the molecules that present
foreign peptides to T cells. Minor histocompatibility antigens comprise other
polymorphic proteins that can be recognized as foreign by an unrelated individual. -
ANSWER histocompatibility antigens (H antigens)
The acronym for human leukocyte antigen. It is the genetic designation for the
human MHC. Individual loci are designated by upper-case letters, as in HLA-A, and
alleles are designated by numbers, as in HLA-A*0201. - ANSWER HLA
