NSG 1010 Exam 7 Guide With
Complete Solution
What are the functions of the pulmonary system? - ANSWER ventilation and
respiration
movement of air in and out of the lungs - ANSWER ventilation
Exchange of oxygen and CO2 in the lungs - ANSWER
What factors affect ventilation? - ANSWER -compliance
-elasticity
-airway resistance
-hypo/hyperventilation
-rate/depth of breathing
How well we can expand the lungs is an example of - ANSWER lung elasticity
Where the gases are exchanges is - ANSWER respiration
internal respiration occurs in the - ANSWER In the body tissues and organs
External respiration occurs in the - ANSWER lungs
Factors affecting pulmonary function: - ANSWER -stress
-allergies
-air quality
-altitude
,-environment
True or false: younger individuals are predisposed to more infections because
of their smaller airways - ANSWER true
Factors affecting older adults pulmonary function: - ANSWER decreased lung
volumes
decreased immune system
Lifestyle factors affecting pulmonary function: - ANSWER -pregnancy
-occupational hazards
-nutrition
-exercise
-substance abuse
-smoking + secondhand smoke
-medications
What are the infections of the upper airway? - ANSWER -the common cold
-rhinosinusitis
-pharyngitis
-Influenza
What are the infections of the lower airways? - ANSWER -RSV
-Acute bronchitis
-TB
,-Pneumonia
-Covid-19
What are pulmonary system abnormalities? - ANSWER -Structural
abnormalities
-Airway inflammation and obstruction (allergies/pollutants = inflammation)
(Food, spasms = obstruction)
-Alveolar-capillary membrane disorders (pulmonary edema/fibrosis)
-atelectasis (anything that reduces ventilation)
What are examples of pulmonary circulation abnormalities? - ANSWER
Pulmonary embolus: -COVID/ clotting disorders
Pulmonary HTN: COPD
Clubbed fingernails represent - ANSWER chronic hypoxia
Is cyanosis an emergency? - ANSWER Yes. Inadequate oxygenation to the
tissue
S/S of hypoxia: - ANSWER -restlessness
-anxiety
-tachycardia
-tachypnea
Late signs of hypoxia - ANSWER -Bradycardia
-Extreme Restlessness
-Dyspnea
, Palpation of respiration system includes: - ANSWER trachea palpation
thorax palpation
Produced by air moving through the trachea - ANSWER Bronchial
Produced by air moving through the bronchial airways - ANSWER
bronchovesicular
Produced by air moving through the small airways - ANSWER Vesicular
Crackles are also referred to as - ANSWER rales
Narrowing at the top of the airway (often a high pitched noise) is called -
ANSWER stridor
kids with stridor is often a result of - ANSWER croup
S/S of Dyspnea - ANSWER -Unable to speak or able to speak only a few
words
-Use of accessory muscles
-retractions
-adventitious lung sounds
-RR over 20
-low SPO2
-cyanosis
-change in LOC
Noninvasive way to measure SPO2 - ANSWER Pulse Oximetry
Normal SPO2 - ANSWER 95-100%
Complete Solution
What are the functions of the pulmonary system? - ANSWER ventilation and
respiration
movement of air in and out of the lungs - ANSWER ventilation
Exchange of oxygen and CO2 in the lungs - ANSWER
What factors affect ventilation? - ANSWER -compliance
-elasticity
-airway resistance
-hypo/hyperventilation
-rate/depth of breathing
How well we can expand the lungs is an example of - ANSWER lung elasticity
Where the gases are exchanges is - ANSWER respiration
internal respiration occurs in the - ANSWER In the body tissues and organs
External respiration occurs in the - ANSWER lungs
Factors affecting pulmonary function: - ANSWER -stress
-allergies
-air quality
-altitude
,-environment
True or false: younger individuals are predisposed to more infections because
of their smaller airways - ANSWER true
Factors affecting older adults pulmonary function: - ANSWER decreased lung
volumes
decreased immune system
Lifestyle factors affecting pulmonary function: - ANSWER -pregnancy
-occupational hazards
-nutrition
-exercise
-substance abuse
-smoking + secondhand smoke
-medications
What are the infections of the upper airway? - ANSWER -the common cold
-rhinosinusitis
-pharyngitis
-Influenza
What are the infections of the lower airways? - ANSWER -RSV
-Acute bronchitis
-TB
,-Pneumonia
-Covid-19
What are pulmonary system abnormalities? - ANSWER -Structural
abnormalities
-Airway inflammation and obstruction (allergies/pollutants = inflammation)
(Food, spasms = obstruction)
-Alveolar-capillary membrane disorders (pulmonary edema/fibrosis)
-atelectasis (anything that reduces ventilation)
What are examples of pulmonary circulation abnormalities? - ANSWER
Pulmonary embolus: -COVID/ clotting disorders
Pulmonary HTN: COPD
Clubbed fingernails represent - ANSWER chronic hypoxia
Is cyanosis an emergency? - ANSWER Yes. Inadequate oxygenation to the
tissue
S/S of hypoxia: - ANSWER -restlessness
-anxiety
-tachycardia
-tachypnea
Late signs of hypoxia - ANSWER -Bradycardia
-Extreme Restlessness
-Dyspnea
, Palpation of respiration system includes: - ANSWER trachea palpation
thorax palpation
Produced by air moving through the trachea - ANSWER Bronchial
Produced by air moving through the bronchial airways - ANSWER
bronchovesicular
Produced by air moving through the small airways - ANSWER Vesicular
Crackles are also referred to as - ANSWER rales
Narrowing at the top of the airway (often a high pitched noise) is called -
ANSWER stridor
kids with stridor is often a result of - ANSWER croup
S/S of Dyspnea - ANSWER -Unable to speak or able to speak only a few
words
-Use of accessory muscles
-retractions
-adventitious lung sounds
-RR over 20
-low SPO2
-cyanosis
-change in LOC
Noninvasive way to measure SPO2 - ANSWER Pulse Oximetry
Normal SPO2 - ANSWER 95-100%
