Test Bank for Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care, 6th
Edition by Brian K. Walsh 9780323793094 , All Chapters with
Answers and Rationals
Which of the following maternal factors is/are related to the health of the fetus and the
outcomes of pregnancy?
1. Maternal age
2. Prior maternal disease
3. Maternal drug use
4. Maternal birth history
a. 1, 2, and 3 only
b. 2 and 4 only
c. 1, 2, 3, and 4
d. 3 and 4 only - ANSWER: C 1,2,3,4
Which of the following techniques would you recommend to assess the state of pulmonary
maturity before birth?
a. Blood gas analysis
b. Ultrasonography
c. Maternal history
d. Amniocentesis - ANSWER: ANS: D
Lung maturation can be assessed with amniocentesis.
Temporary drops in the fetal heart rate during uterine contractions are known as:
a. fetal stress.
b. decelerations.
c. primary apnea.
d. secondary bradycardia. - ANSWER: ANS: B
Temporary drops in fetal heart rate are called decelerations and can be mild (<15 beats/min),
moderate (15 to 45 beats/min), or severe (>45 beats/min). Decelerations are classified by their
occurrence in the uterine contraction cycle.
Late decelerations are consistent with which of the following conditions?
1. Uteroplacental insufficiency
2. Umbilical cord compression
3. Normal contraction
4. Maternal bradycardia
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 2 and 3 only
c. 3 and 4 only
d. 1, 2, 3, and 4 - ANSWER: ANS: A
A late deceleration pattern indicates impaired maternal-placental blood flow or uteroplacental
insufficiency.
Which of the following pH values is associated with fetal asphyxia?
a. Less than 7.1
b. Less than 7.2
c. Less than 7.3
d. Less than 7.4 - ANSWER: ANS: B
A pH below 7.2 may indicate that the fetus is experiencing asphyxia
At 1 min after birth, a newborn infant exhibits the following: heart rate of 65/min, a slow and
irregular respiratory rate, some muscle flexion, a grimace when nasally suctioned, and a pink
body with blue extremities. What is the infant's 1-min Apgar score?
, a. 3
b. 4
c. 5
d. 6 - ANSWER: ANS: C
The Apgar score is an objective scoring system used to rapidly evaluate the newborn, as given
in Table 53-2.
Which of the following methods is useful in determining gestational age of the newborn?
a. Dubowitz
b. Adams
c. Apgar
d. Perkinson - ANSWER: ANS: A
Two common systems are used to determine gestational age: the Dubowitz scales and the
Ballard scales.
You notice in the chart of an infant receiving neonatal intensive care the designation "preterm,
AGA." Based on this information, what can you correctly conclude?
a. This is an infant whose weight falls between the tenth and ninetieth percentiles.
b. This is an infant whose weight falls between the tenth and fiftieth percentiles.
c. This is an infant whose weight falls between the fiftieth and ninetieth percentiles.
d. This is an infant whose weight falls between the tenth and twentieth percentiles. - ANSWER: ANS: A
Infants whose weight falls between the tenth and ninetieth percentiles are appropriate for
gestational age (AGA).
Tachypnea in the newborn is defined as a respiratory rate greater than what level?
a. 40/min
b. 50/min
c. 60/min
d. 70/min - ANSWER: ANS: C
Infant physical assessment begins with measurement of vital signs. A normal newborn
respiratory rate is 40 to 60/min.
You detect a "bounding" peripheral pulse on a newborn infant. Based on this finding, what
should you suspect?
a. Patent ductus arteriosus
b. Peripheral vasoconstriction
c. Coarctation of the aorta
d. Peripheral vasodilation - ANSWER: ANS: A
Bounding peripheral pulses occur with major left-to-right shunting through a patent ductus
arteriosus.
You notice paradoxical breathing. Which of the following conclusions is most consistent with
this observation?
a. Airway resistance (Raw) is decreased.
b. Lung compliance (CL) is increased.
c. Work of breathing is increased.
d. Chest-wall compliance is decreased. - ANSWER: ANS: C
Paradoxical breathing in infants differs from the adult form. Instead of drawing the abdomen
in during inspiration, the infant with paradoxical breathing tends to draw in the chest wall.
This inward movement of the chest wall may range in severity, as with retractions, and
paradoxical breathing indicates an increase in ventilatory work.
You notice in drawing (retractions) of chest-wall muscle and tissue between the ribs, and
above and below the sternum, all occurring during inspiration. Which of the following
conclusions is most consistent with this observation?
a. Airway resistance (Raw) is decreased.
b. Lung compliance (CL) is decreased.
Edition by Brian K. Walsh 9780323793094 , All Chapters with
Answers and Rationals
Which of the following maternal factors is/are related to the health of the fetus and the
outcomes of pregnancy?
1. Maternal age
2. Prior maternal disease
3. Maternal drug use
4. Maternal birth history
a. 1, 2, and 3 only
b. 2 and 4 only
c. 1, 2, 3, and 4
d. 3 and 4 only - ANSWER: C 1,2,3,4
Which of the following techniques would you recommend to assess the state of pulmonary
maturity before birth?
a. Blood gas analysis
b. Ultrasonography
c. Maternal history
d. Amniocentesis - ANSWER: ANS: D
Lung maturation can be assessed with amniocentesis.
Temporary drops in the fetal heart rate during uterine contractions are known as:
a. fetal stress.
b. decelerations.
c. primary apnea.
d. secondary bradycardia. - ANSWER: ANS: B
Temporary drops in fetal heart rate are called decelerations and can be mild (<15 beats/min),
moderate (15 to 45 beats/min), or severe (>45 beats/min). Decelerations are classified by their
occurrence in the uterine contraction cycle.
Late decelerations are consistent with which of the following conditions?
1. Uteroplacental insufficiency
2. Umbilical cord compression
3. Normal contraction
4. Maternal bradycardia
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 2 and 3 only
c. 3 and 4 only
d. 1, 2, 3, and 4 - ANSWER: ANS: A
A late deceleration pattern indicates impaired maternal-placental blood flow or uteroplacental
insufficiency.
Which of the following pH values is associated with fetal asphyxia?
a. Less than 7.1
b. Less than 7.2
c. Less than 7.3
d. Less than 7.4 - ANSWER: ANS: B
A pH below 7.2 may indicate that the fetus is experiencing asphyxia
At 1 min after birth, a newborn infant exhibits the following: heart rate of 65/min, a slow and
irregular respiratory rate, some muscle flexion, a grimace when nasally suctioned, and a pink
body with blue extremities. What is the infant's 1-min Apgar score?
, a. 3
b. 4
c. 5
d. 6 - ANSWER: ANS: C
The Apgar score is an objective scoring system used to rapidly evaluate the newborn, as given
in Table 53-2.
Which of the following methods is useful in determining gestational age of the newborn?
a. Dubowitz
b. Adams
c. Apgar
d. Perkinson - ANSWER: ANS: A
Two common systems are used to determine gestational age: the Dubowitz scales and the
Ballard scales.
You notice in the chart of an infant receiving neonatal intensive care the designation "preterm,
AGA." Based on this information, what can you correctly conclude?
a. This is an infant whose weight falls between the tenth and ninetieth percentiles.
b. This is an infant whose weight falls between the tenth and fiftieth percentiles.
c. This is an infant whose weight falls between the fiftieth and ninetieth percentiles.
d. This is an infant whose weight falls between the tenth and twentieth percentiles. - ANSWER: ANS: A
Infants whose weight falls between the tenth and ninetieth percentiles are appropriate for
gestational age (AGA).
Tachypnea in the newborn is defined as a respiratory rate greater than what level?
a. 40/min
b. 50/min
c. 60/min
d. 70/min - ANSWER: ANS: C
Infant physical assessment begins with measurement of vital signs. A normal newborn
respiratory rate is 40 to 60/min.
You detect a "bounding" peripheral pulse on a newborn infant. Based on this finding, what
should you suspect?
a. Patent ductus arteriosus
b. Peripheral vasoconstriction
c. Coarctation of the aorta
d. Peripheral vasodilation - ANSWER: ANS: A
Bounding peripheral pulses occur with major left-to-right shunting through a patent ductus
arteriosus.
You notice paradoxical breathing. Which of the following conclusions is most consistent with
this observation?
a. Airway resistance (Raw) is decreased.
b. Lung compliance (CL) is increased.
c. Work of breathing is increased.
d. Chest-wall compliance is decreased. - ANSWER: ANS: C
Paradoxical breathing in infants differs from the adult form. Instead of drawing the abdomen
in during inspiration, the infant with paradoxical breathing tends to draw in the chest wall.
This inward movement of the chest wall may range in severity, as with retractions, and
paradoxical breathing indicates an increase in ventilatory work.
You notice in drawing (retractions) of chest-wall muscle and tissue between the ribs, and
above and below the sternum, all occurring during inspiration. Which of the following
conclusions is most consistent with this observation?
a. Airway resistance (Raw) is decreased.
b. Lung compliance (CL) is decreased.
