D307 - Educational Psychology Questions with 100% correct answers Latest 2024/2025 update.

D307 - Educational Psychology Questions with 100% correct answers Latest 2024/2025 update. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: Physiological -Correct Answer: basic life needs, physical needs for survival ex: food, snacks, water, sleep, rest, breaks, clothing, warmth Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: Safety -Correct Answer: provide protection and security ex: home, money, resources, not being bullied Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: Love and Belonging -Correct Answer: involves relationships, knowing someone cares Ex: friends, family, trust, being part of a group, sharing, encouraging one another Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: Esteem -Correct Answer: respect and admiration Ex: your achievements, competence, recognition, reputation, independence, pride, being respected, feeling special Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: Self-Actualization -Correct Answer: reaching your fullest potential Ex: personal growth, achieving your ideal self, sound mental health, acceptance of self and others, feeling fulfilled Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: Cognitive -Correct Answer: curiosity, knowledge, intellectual exploration Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: Aesthetic -Correct Answer: Beauty and balance, artistic pursuits, nature, music Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: Transcendence -Correct Answer: meeting spiritual needs, helping others achieve self-actualization Physical Development Expectation for Infants -Correct Answer: -birth to 2 years -infants: hold up heads, roll over, reach for things, sit, crawl, begin to walk, increased coordination, manipulate object with hands -by age 2: feed themselves with hands, jump and run awkwardly, throw ball, use zipper, make a tower of blocks Physical Development Expectation for Early Childhood -Correct Answer: -2 to 6 years pre-k/kinder/primary school -toddlers: love to run, hop, tumble, play, swing, fine motor skills developing, can string beads, do jigsaw puzzles -by the age of 4: print name, dress/undress themselves, eat with utensils Physical Development Expectation for Middle Childhood -Correct Answer: -6 to 10 years old primary/elementary school -slow steady weight gain -speed and coordination improve -begin organized sports -refinement of motor skills -improved hand writing -drawings more representational Physical Development Expectation for Adolescence -Correct Answer: -10 to 18 years middle/high school -rapid growth (3-5inches) -girls begin puberty earlier -boys grow taller -boys more muscular -girls physical growth slows -boys physical growth continues -reach sexual maturity Piaget's stages of cognitive development: Sensorimotor -Correct Answer: Birth to 2 years Learn through movement and senses -reflexive or active -sucking -grabbing -looking and listening -crawling -object permanence Piaget's stages of cognitive development: Preoperational -Correct Answer: 2 to 6 years (pre-k/kinder) Prelogical thought -play and pretend -symbolic thinking (pictures, numbers, letters) -language develops -forma many new schemes -egocentrism (self centered) -centration (focus on one aspect at a time) Piaget's stages of cognitive development: Concrete Operational -Correct Answer: 7 to 11 years, Elementary Factual and Logical thought -need concrete, hands on, experience -mental reversal (balloons inflate and deflate) -seriation -sorting -classifying -conservation (tall skinny glass holding, same amount of liquid as short thick glass) Piaget's stages of cognitive development: Formal Operational -Correct Answer: 12+ years Middle/High school Higher order thinking and reasoning -abstract thinking -critical thinking -hypothesize -predict -metaphors -mental manipulations -systematic problem solving Schemes, schema -Correct Answer: organized patterns of knowledge, skills and experiences (file folders) Adaptation -Correct Answer: process of making sense of new information Assimilation -Correct Answer: similar information to existing scheme (same folder) Accomodation -Correct Answer: modify, adjust, change, create new scheme (new folders) Equilibrium -Correct Answer: everything makes sense Vygotsky's Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) -Correct Answer: the space between what a learner can do without assistance and what a learner can do with adult guidance or in collaboration with more capable peers Vygotsky's Scaffolding -Correct Answer: explaining, providing examples and clarifications, asking leading questions Private Speech -Correct Answer: talk to myself, whisper outloud to myself Silent inner speech -Correct Answer: think inside my head Social speech -Correct Answer: talk to others Sociocultural context has emphasis in Piaget's theory of Cognitive development. -Correct Answer: little Sociocultural context has emphasis in Vigotsky's theory of Cognitive development. -Correct Answer: strong There is a emphasis on stages in Piaget's theory of Cognitive development. -Correct Answer: strong There is a emphasis on stages in Vigotsky's theory of Cognitive development. -Correct Answer: no The role of language in Piaget's theory is: -Correct Answer: minimal - it just provides labels for children's experiences The role of language in Vygotsky's theory is: -Correct Answer: major - language plays a powerful role in shaping thoughts Piaget's teaching implications: -Correct Answer: supports children to explore their world and discover knowledge Vygotsky's teaching implications: -Correct Answer: establish opportunities for children to learn with the teacher and more skilled peers Erikson's: Trust vs Mistrust -Correct Answer: birth to 12 months -provide love, care, food -need comfort and safety Erikson's: autonomy vs Shame and Doubt -Correct Answer: 1 to 3 years -"me do" stage -need for independence -insists on doing things on their own Erikson's: initiative vs Guilt -Correct Answer: 3 to 6 years -exploration -trying new things on own -asking a lot of questions Erikson's: industry vs inferiority -Correct Answer: 6 to 12 years -intellectual curiosity -school performance -need positive reinforcement -praise -avoid competition or criticism Erikson's: identity vs role confusion -Correct Answer: 12 to 18 years -develop send of self -influenced by others reactions -peers are more important than parents or teachers -social role models are important -figuring out what they want to due with life after high school Erikson's: intimacy vs isolation -Correct Answer: 20-40 young adults -best friends and soulmates -developing intimate relationships, life partners Bandura's Attention: -Correct Answer: the individual needs to pay attention to the behavior and its consequences Bandura's Retention: -Correct Answer: the individual stores the observed behavior in LTM where it can stay for a long time. Imitation is not always immediate Bandura's Reproduction: -Correct Answer: the individual must be able to reproduce the observed behavior Bandura's Motivation: -Correct Answer: the individual must expect to receive the same positive reinforcements for imitating the observed behavior that they have seen the model receiving Live model -Correct Answer: involves an actual individual demonstrating or acting out a behavior Symbolic model -Correct Answer: involves real or fictional characters displaying behaviors in books, films, television programs, or online media Verbal instructional model -Correct Answer: involves descriptions and explanations of a behavior Gilligan's theory of moral development: Preconventional stage -Correct Answer: "i love myself" selfishness and my needs come first Gilligan's theory of moral development: Conventional Stage -Correct Answer: "i love you more than myself" Responsibility for others needs for others comes first Gilligan's theory of moral development: Post Conventional Stage -Correct Answer: "i love myself and i love you" Goodness and understanding that i am also a person, i can take care of myself and others Kholberg's theory of moral development: Preconventional Stage -Correct Answer: all about me Obedience and Punishment: -being obedient -avoid punishment -get reward -no concept of rules, just follows Instrumental Orientation: -whats in it for me? -self serving purpose -personal gain Kholberg's theory of moral development: Conventional Stage -Correct Answer: all about the rules Good boy, nice girl: -wants approval from others -being a good student/citizen Law and order: -respect and authority or policy -maintain suicidal conventions -social order -rules are set and unchangeable Kholberg's theory of moral development: Post Conventional Stage -Correct Answer: all about others Social contracts: -golden rule -for the greater good -based on dignity, equality, respect Universal-Ethical-Principle: -rules and laws are flexible depending on context of the situation -live by own ethical principles -protect rights, liberty, justice Chomsky's Language Acquisition Device (LAD) -Correct Answer: people are born with innate, instinctive, biological ability to learn a language Chomsky's Universal Grammar -Correct Answer: All languages have structures, patterns, and rules (grammar) Motherese -Correct Answer: the spontaneous ways in which mothers, fathers, and caregivers speak with infants and young children Skinner's Operant Conditioning -Correct Answer: -children learn language based on reinforcement -associating words with meanings -learn language through imitating, prompting, shaping -correct utterances are positively reinforced