SCI 225
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Week 8: Endocrine Disorders
CONTENT REVIEW EXAM
©Nightingale 2024/2025
,1. Which of the following is the primary hormone produced by
the adrenal cortex that is involved in glucose metabolism?
- A) Cortisol
- B) Adrenaline
- C) Aldosterone
- D) Insulin
Correct Answer: A) Cortisol
Rationale: Cortisol is a glucocorticoid hormone produced by
the adrenal cortex that plays a significant role in glucose
metabolism and stress response.
2. In patients with Addison's disease, which of the following
physiological changes is most likely observed?
- A) Increased cortisol levels
- B) Hyperkalemia
- C) Hypoglycemia
- D) Decreased ACTH levels
Correct Answer: B) Hyperkalemia
Rationale: Addison's disease results in decreased production
of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids, leading to hyperkalemia
due to lack of aldosterone which regulates potassium.
©Nightingale 2024/2025
, 3. The primary treatment for hyperthyroidism includes which of
the following options?
- A) Radioactive iodine therapy
- B) Increased iodine intake
- C) Hydrocortisone therapy
- D) Thyroidectomy
Correct Answer: A) Radioactive iodine therapy
Rationale: Radioactive iodine is commonly used to reduce
thyroid hormone production in hyperthyroid patients.
### Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
4. The condition characterized by an overproduction of growth
hormone in adults, resulting in enlarged extremities, is known as
____________.
Correct Answer: Acromegaly
Rationale: Acromegaly occurs due to excess growth hormone,
typically from a pituitary adenoma.
5. In patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, the primary
mechanism of beta-cell destruction is ____________.
©Nightingale 2024/2025
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Week 8: Endocrine Disorders
CONTENT REVIEW EXAM
©Nightingale 2024/2025
,1. Which of the following is the primary hormone produced by
the adrenal cortex that is involved in glucose metabolism?
- A) Cortisol
- B) Adrenaline
- C) Aldosterone
- D) Insulin
Correct Answer: A) Cortisol
Rationale: Cortisol is a glucocorticoid hormone produced by
the adrenal cortex that plays a significant role in glucose
metabolism and stress response.
2. In patients with Addison's disease, which of the following
physiological changes is most likely observed?
- A) Increased cortisol levels
- B) Hyperkalemia
- C) Hypoglycemia
- D) Decreased ACTH levels
Correct Answer: B) Hyperkalemia
Rationale: Addison's disease results in decreased production
of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids, leading to hyperkalemia
due to lack of aldosterone which regulates potassium.
©Nightingale 2024/2025
, 3. The primary treatment for hyperthyroidism includes which of
the following options?
- A) Radioactive iodine therapy
- B) Increased iodine intake
- C) Hydrocortisone therapy
- D) Thyroidectomy
Correct Answer: A) Radioactive iodine therapy
Rationale: Radioactive iodine is commonly used to reduce
thyroid hormone production in hyperthyroid patients.
### Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
4. The condition characterized by an overproduction of growth
hormone in adults, resulting in enlarged extremities, is known as
____________.
Correct Answer: Acromegaly
Rationale: Acromegaly occurs due to excess growth hormone,
typically from a pituitary adenoma.
5. In patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, the primary
mechanism of beta-cell destruction is ____________.
©Nightingale 2024/2025
