NSG 1010 Exam 1 Guide With
Complete Solution
List in order the chain of infection: - ANSWER causative agent, reservoir,
portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, susceptible host
What is an infectious/causative agent? - ANSWER Bacteria, fungi, virus,
parasite, prion.
What is a reservoir? - ANSWER Where the infectious agent lives / where it
lives, grows, and reproduces.
What is a portal of exit? - ANSWER The host leaves either by resp. tract, GI
tract, skin, blood, etc.
What is a portal of entry? - ANSWER Where the site enters- mouth, nose, any
opening where the toxin can enter and reproduce. Could be same as portal of
exit.
What is a mode of transmission? - ANSWER A way for the infectious agent to
be passed-
What is a suseptible host? - ANSWER Compromised defenses leaving the
host more susceptible for infections. Eg: immunocompromised or breaks in
the skin
What is a local infection? - ANSWER infection confined to a small region of
the body
What are the symptoms of a local infection? - ANSWER pain, tenderness,
redness (rubor/erythema), Swelling (edema), warmth, drainage, loss of
,function
What is a systemic infection?
S/S - ANSWER an infection throughout the body / fever, elevated HR.
What are some of the common tests for infection? - ANSWER Blood culture,
EFR, WBC, urine culture, wound culture
What is the purpose of the Patient National Safety Goals? - ANSWER Improve
pt safety, target problems in healthcare safety, focus on how to solve
identified safety problems.
As a student do not go into what rooms: - ANSWER Airborne and special
contact
Normal WBC range - ANSWER 5,000-10,000
Preventative measure when assessing a PT for an infection: - ANSWER Assess
their risk for infection (immunocompromised, procedures, elderly)
What is Direct contact? - ANSWER exposure or transmission of a
communicable disease from one person to another by physical contact.
- person to person
What is Indirect Contact? - ANSWER Exposure or transmission of disease
from one person to another by contact with a contaminated object.
-object to person
Ex of direct contact - ANSWER Involves direct contact.
ex of indirect contact - ANSWER Touching common area (desk, computer).
What causes C. Diff? - ANSWER Antibiotics.
, Body's Primary Defense - ANSWER Prevents organisms from entering the
body- normal flora, skin, respiratory tree (nares, trachea), eyes, mouth, GI
tract, GU tract.
Tertiary defenses against infection - ANSWER B and T cells
lymphocytes found in lymph tissue and circulating in the blood
signal phagocytes to destroy invaders
receive antibodies.
Bodys secondary line of defense - ANSWER Phagocytosis is activated, WBC
release histamines, inflammation, fever.
You got an infection from a cut on your skin. Which of your primary defenses
was invaded? - ANSWER primary
What kind of hand hygiene do you use for C. Diff Patient? - ANSWER Soap
and water. Spores cannot be killed w alcohol.
How does MRSA infect the body? - ANSWER It is transmitted by skin contact.
Through scrapes and cuts.
S/S of MRSA - ANSWER swelling, pus, infection, painful
Most common cause of antibiotic associated diarrhea - ANSWER C. Diff.
What is specific immunity? - ANSWER The work of antibodies. Bind to
specific infectious agents. Has specific microorganisms it attacks.
What is nonspecific immunity? - ANSWER Overall immunity. Attacks bacteria,
viruses, not specific to a particular pathogen.
What cells are released during the inflammatory response? - ANSWER
Complete Solution
List in order the chain of infection: - ANSWER causative agent, reservoir,
portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, susceptible host
What is an infectious/causative agent? - ANSWER Bacteria, fungi, virus,
parasite, prion.
What is a reservoir? - ANSWER Where the infectious agent lives / where it
lives, grows, and reproduces.
What is a portal of exit? - ANSWER The host leaves either by resp. tract, GI
tract, skin, blood, etc.
What is a portal of entry? - ANSWER Where the site enters- mouth, nose, any
opening where the toxin can enter and reproduce. Could be same as portal of
exit.
What is a mode of transmission? - ANSWER A way for the infectious agent to
be passed-
What is a suseptible host? - ANSWER Compromised defenses leaving the
host more susceptible for infections. Eg: immunocompromised or breaks in
the skin
What is a local infection? - ANSWER infection confined to a small region of
the body
What are the symptoms of a local infection? - ANSWER pain, tenderness,
redness (rubor/erythema), Swelling (edema), warmth, drainage, loss of
,function
What is a systemic infection?
S/S - ANSWER an infection throughout the body / fever, elevated HR.
What are some of the common tests for infection? - ANSWER Blood culture,
EFR, WBC, urine culture, wound culture
What is the purpose of the Patient National Safety Goals? - ANSWER Improve
pt safety, target problems in healthcare safety, focus on how to solve
identified safety problems.
As a student do not go into what rooms: - ANSWER Airborne and special
contact
Normal WBC range - ANSWER 5,000-10,000
Preventative measure when assessing a PT for an infection: - ANSWER Assess
their risk for infection (immunocompromised, procedures, elderly)
What is Direct contact? - ANSWER exposure or transmission of a
communicable disease from one person to another by physical contact.
- person to person
What is Indirect Contact? - ANSWER Exposure or transmission of disease
from one person to another by contact with a contaminated object.
-object to person
Ex of direct contact - ANSWER Involves direct contact.
ex of indirect contact - ANSWER Touching common area (desk, computer).
What causes C. Diff? - ANSWER Antibiotics.
, Body's Primary Defense - ANSWER Prevents organisms from entering the
body- normal flora, skin, respiratory tree (nares, trachea), eyes, mouth, GI
tract, GU tract.
Tertiary defenses against infection - ANSWER B and T cells
lymphocytes found in lymph tissue and circulating in the blood
signal phagocytes to destroy invaders
receive antibodies.
Bodys secondary line of defense - ANSWER Phagocytosis is activated, WBC
release histamines, inflammation, fever.
You got an infection from a cut on your skin. Which of your primary defenses
was invaded? - ANSWER primary
What kind of hand hygiene do you use for C. Diff Patient? - ANSWER Soap
and water. Spores cannot be killed w alcohol.
How does MRSA infect the body? - ANSWER It is transmitted by skin contact.
Through scrapes and cuts.
S/S of MRSA - ANSWER swelling, pus, infection, painful
Most common cause of antibiotic associated diarrhea - ANSWER C. Diff.
What is specific immunity? - ANSWER The work of antibodies. Bind to
specific infectious agents. Has specific microorganisms it attacks.
What is nonspecific immunity? - ANSWER Overall immunity. Attacks bacteria,
viruses, not specific to a particular pathogen.
What cells are released during the inflammatory response? - ANSWER
