Fractures and Amputations Exam Questions With Detailed Answers
Pseudoarthrosis ✔ ANSWER✔ Type of nonunion occurring at fracture site in which a false joint
is formed with abnormal movement at site.
refracture ✔ ANSWER✔ New fracture occurs at original fracture site.
myositis ossificans ✔ ANSWER✔ Deposition of calcium in muscle tissue at site of significant
blunt muscle trauma or repeated muscle injury.
clinical manifestations of fracture ✔ ANSWER✔ •Localized pain
•Decreased function
•Inability to bear weight or use
•Guard against movement
•May or may not have deformity
if you suspect a fracture what should you do? ✔ ANSWER✔ immobilize
overall goals of fracture treatment ✔ ANSWER✔ •Anatomic realignment (reduction)
•Immobilization
•Restoration of normal or near-normal function
closed reduction ✔ ANSWER✔ Nonsurgical, manual realignment of bone fragments usually
done under local or general anesthesia and is immobilized afterwards
open reduction ✔ ANSWER✔ correction of bone alignment through a surgical incision.
ORIF ✔ ANSWER✔ open reduction internal fixation
ORIF facilitates ✔ ANSWER✔ early ambulation that decreases the risk of complications related
to prolonged immobility
fractures ✔ ANSWER✔ A disruption or break in the continuity of the structure of bone
delayed union ✔ ANSWER✔ fracture healing process more slowly than expected, healing
eventually occurs
nonunion ✔ ANSWER✔ Fracture fails to heal despite treatment. No x-ray evidence of callus
formation.
malunion ✔ ANSWER✔ Fracture heals in expected time but in unsatisfactory position, possibly
resulting in deformity or dysfunction.
angulation ✔ ANSWER✔ Fracture heals in abnormal position in relation to midline of structure
(type of malunion).
when do we put on a cast ✔ ANSWER✔ AFTER the swelling has gone down
, what is the purpose of traction ✔ ANSWER✔ •Prevent or ↓ pain and muscle spasm
•Immobilize joint or part of body
•Reduce fracture or dislocation
•Treat a pathologic joint condition
what is traction ✔ ANSWER✔ a device that applies a pulling force on a fractured extremity to
attain realignment while counter traction pulls in the opposite direction
skin traction ✔ ANSWER✔ •Short-term (48-72 hours)
•Tape, boots, or splints applied directly to skin
•Traction weights 5 to 10 pounds
what assessment should be done for skin traction ✔ ANSWER✔ regular assessment of the
skin, pedal pulses and cap refill
buck's traction ✔ ANSWER✔ a type of skin traction that is used to immobilize a fracture,
prevent hip flexion contractures, and reduce muscle spasms.
skeletal traction ✔ ANSWER✔ •Long-term pull to maintain alignment
•Pin or wire inserted into bone
•Weights 5 to 45 lbs
what are the major complications of skeletal traction ✔ ANSWER✔ -infection at the pin
insertion site
-effects of prolonged immobility
what is the most important thing to remember about skeletal traction? ✔ ANSWER✔ -KEEP
THE WEIGHTS OFF THE FLOOR
-maintain continuous traction
-elevate the end of the bed
What is a body jacket brace used for? ✔ ANSWER✔ immobilization and support for stable
spine injuries of the thoracic or lumbar spine injuries
when does superior mesenteric artery syndrome (cast syndrome) occur ✔ ANSWER✔ •occurs
if the brace is applied too tightly, which results in compression of the superior mesenteric artery
against the duodenum.
clinical manifestations of superior mesenteric artery syndrome (cast syndrome) ✔ ANSWER✔
•Abd pain, pressure, N/V
assessment for patients in a body jacket brace and superior mesenteric artery syndrome ✔
ANSWER✔ •monitoring respiratory status, bowel and bladder function, and areas of pressure
over the bony prominences, especially the iliac crest.
-The brace may need to be adjusted or removed if any complications occur.
what is the treatment for superior mesenteric artery syndrome ✔ ANSWER✔ includes gastric
decompression with a nasogastric (NG) tube and suction
Pseudoarthrosis ✔ ANSWER✔ Type of nonunion occurring at fracture site in which a false joint
is formed with abnormal movement at site.
refracture ✔ ANSWER✔ New fracture occurs at original fracture site.
myositis ossificans ✔ ANSWER✔ Deposition of calcium in muscle tissue at site of significant
blunt muscle trauma or repeated muscle injury.
clinical manifestations of fracture ✔ ANSWER✔ •Localized pain
•Decreased function
•Inability to bear weight or use
•Guard against movement
•May or may not have deformity
if you suspect a fracture what should you do? ✔ ANSWER✔ immobilize
overall goals of fracture treatment ✔ ANSWER✔ •Anatomic realignment (reduction)
•Immobilization
•Restoration of normal or near-normal function
closed reduction ✔ ANSWER✔ Nonsurgical, manual realignment of bone fragments usually
done under local or general anesthesia and is immobilized afterwards
open reduction ✔ ANSWER✔ correction of bone alignment through a surgical incision.
ORIF ✔ ANSWER✔ open reduction internal fixation
ORIF facilitates ✔ ANSWER✔ early ambulation that decreases the risk of complications related
to prolonged immobility
fractures ✔ ANSWER✔ A disruption or break in the continuity of the structure of bone
delayed union ✔ ANSWER✔ fracture healing process more slowly than expected, healing
eventually occurs
nonunion ✔ ANSWER✔ Fracture fails to heal despite treatment. No x-ray evidence of callus
formation.
malunion ✔ ANSWER✔ Fracture heals in expected time but in unsatisfactory position, possibly
resulting in deformity or dysfunction.
angulation ✔ ANSWER✔ Fracture heals in abnormal position in relation to midline of structure
(type of malunion).
when do we put on a cast ✔ ANSWER✔ AFTER the swelling has gone down
, what is the purpose of traction ✔ ANSWER✔ •Prevent or ↓ pain and muscle spasm
•Immobilize joint or part of body
•Reduce fracture or dislocation
•Treat a pathologic joint condition
what is traction ✔ ANSWER✔ a device that applies a pulling force on a fractured extremity to
attain realignment while counter traction pulls in the opposite direction
skin traction ✔ ANSWER✔ •Short-term (48-72 hours)
•Tape, boots, or splints applied directly to skin
•Traction weights 5 to 10 pounds
what assessment should be done for skin traction ✔ ANSWER✔ regular assessment of the
skin, pedal pulses and cap refill
buck's traction ✔ ANSWER✔ a type of skin traction that is used to immobilize a fracture,
prevent hip flexion contractures, and reduce muscle spasms.
skeletal traction ✔ ANSWER✔ •Long-term pull to maintain alignment
•Pin or wire inserted into bone
•Weights 5 to 45 lbs
what are the major complications of skeletal traction ✔ ANSWER✔ -infection at the pin
insertion site
-effects of prolonged immobility
what is the most important thing to remember about skeletal traction? ✔ ANSWER✔ -KEEP
THE WEIGHTS OFF THE FLOOR
-maintain continuous traction
-elevate the end of the bed
What is a body jacket brace used for? ✔ ANSWER✔ immobilization and support for stable
spine injuries of the thoracic or lumbar spine injuries
when does superior mesenteric artery syndrome (cast syndrome) occur ✔ ANSWER✔ •occurs
if the brace is applied too tightly, which results in compression of the superior mesenteric artery
against the duodenum.
clinical manifestations of superior mesenteric artery syndrome (cast syndrome) ✔ ANSWER✔
•Abd pain, pressure, N/V
assessment for patients in a body jacket brace and superior mesenteric artery syndrome ✔
ANSWER✔ •monitoring respiratory status, bowel and bladder function, and areas of pressure
over the bony prominences, especially the iliac crest.
-The brace may need to be adjusted or removed if any complications occur.
what is the treatment for superior mesenteric artery syndrome ✔ ANSWER✔ includes gastric
decompression with a nasogastric (NG) tube and suction
