PHM Gait Exam Questions With Complete Solutions
__________ is the second phase of *double limb* support in a
gait cycle
Lots of *energy must be generated* during this phase of gait
Correct Answers preswing ("push-off")
___________ lead to compensations, deviations, or substitutions
in the gait pattern Correct Answers impairments
_____________ is the first period of double limb support
Lots of *energy must be absorbed* during this period of the gait
cycle Correct Answers loading
"Household ambulator" describes those who walk at ___-___
m/s; these individual individuals typically require assistance
entering and exiting structures and have difficulty climbing
stairs into the home
people who have had a CVA or stroke, and seniors with acute
hip fractures generally fall into this category Correct Answers
0.2, 0.4
(abnormal/normal) Genu Valgus: the femur is inclined in and
the tibia is straight/vertical Correct Answers normal (abnormal
= femur inclined in, tibia inclined out - knock kneed)
(Internal/External) rotation of the leg is present as a residual
from *swing* Correct Answers internal
,*Most* children walk independently between ___-___ months
of age Correct Answers 11, 15
*Open-packed* position of the following joints:
Subtalar joint (STJ):
Knee:
Ankle:
Hip: Correct Answers STJ: pronation,
knee: flexion,
ankle: plantar flexion,
hip: flexion
*Stance* phase: ____% of gait cycle
*Swing* phase: ____% of gait cycle Correct Answers 60, 40
(extra 20 percent during stance is due to double limb support)
*with* pelvic drop there are:
very shallow peaks and valleys
very pronounced peaks and valleys Correct Answers very
shallow peaks and valleys
6 determinants of gait Correct Answers pelvic rotation, pelvic
tilt (lateral tilt / drop), knee flexion in stance phase, foot
mechanisms (knee ankle foot interactions), knee mechanisms
(knee ankle foot interactions), lateral displacement of pelvis
,A person whose right step length is relatively *short* likely has
a problem in the muscles that control *stance* in which limb?
Correct Answers left
Adult-like kinetic patterns for the hip and knee are attained by
____ years of age, but *ankle* joint adult-like patterns are not
achieved until ____ years of age or older Correct Answers 5, 9
an *impairment-based* program results in what:
a *motor-learning* program results in what: Correct Answers
impairment "build a bigger engine": greater physiological
capacity in body systems (that can be used for walking) (i.e.
max performance),
motor "build a better engine": more efficient use of
physiological capacity in body systems (for walking) (i.e.
optimal performance)
Ankle power curve (what is happening at A1 and A2) Correct
Answers A1: eccentric PF activity during midstance and
terminal stance, A2: concentric PF activity during push off
As we age (from adult to geriatric), we spend (more/less) time in
*stance* Correct Answers more (less time in swing; this is for
stability)
As we age from an adult to elderly, we have an
(increase/decrease) in hip *extension*, which in turn *reduces*
power for push off and reduces feedback for postural
adjustments during the gait cycle
, We also experience an (increase/decrease) ankle PF power at
push off partly compensated for by an increased hip flexor
power at pull off Correct Answers decrease, decrease
At *faster* walking speeds, what muscle must act to control
excessive knee flexion Correct Answers rectus femoris (flexes
hip)
at *very slow* walking speeds, the GRFV is inadequate to flex
the knee, and the __________ are active to avoid toe drag
Correct Answers hamstrings (flex the knee to prevent tripping)
at normal speed what is the main muscle used for hip flexion
(pull off)? what muscle would we add if we wanted to increase
the speed? Correct Answers iliopsoas, rectus femoris
at the end of _____________ the body's COG is DIRECTLY
over the BOS Correct Answers midstance
average gait speed (speeds up/slows down) as we age (from
adult to elderly) Correct Answers slows down
besides adding a medial wedge orthotic to support a forefoot or
rearfoot varus, what else would you want to work on with a
patient who has this foot deformity Correct Answers strengthen
slings of foot (medial longitudinal sling - tibialis anterior &
fibularis longus)
besides analyzing the moving body parts during gait, what else
should be looked at? Correct Answers endurance (how far can
__________ is the second phase of *double limb* support in a
gait cycle
Lots of *energy must be generated* during this phase of gait
Correct Answers preswing ("push-off")
___________ lead to compensations, deviations, or substitutions
in the gait pattern Correct Answers impairments
_____________ is the first period of double limb support
Lots of *energy must be absorbed* during this period of the gait
cycle Correct Answers loading
"Household ambulator" describes those who walk at ___-___
m/s; these individual individuals typically require assistance
entering and exiting structures and have difficulty climbing
stairs into the home
people who have had a CVA or stroke, and seniors with acute
hip fractures generally fall into this category Correct Answers
0.2, 0.4
(abnormal/normal) Genu Valgus: the femur is inclined in and
the tibia is straight/vertical Correct Answers normal (abnormal
= femur inclined in, tibia inclined out - knock kneed)
(Internal/External) rotation of the leg is present as a residual
from *swing* Correct Answers internal
,*Most* children walk independently between ___-___ months
of age Correct Answers 11, 15
*Open-packed* position of the following joints:
Subtalar joint (STJ):
Knee:
Ankle:
Hip: Correct Answers STJ: pronation,
knee: flexion,
ankle: plantar flexion,
hip: flexion
*Stance* phase: ____% of gait cycle
*Swing* phase: ____% of gait cycle Correct Answers 60, 40
(extra 20 percent during stance is due to double limb support)
*with* pelvic drop there are:
very shallow peaks and valleys
very pronounced peaks and valleys Correct Answers very
shallow peaks and valleys
6 determinants of gait Correct Answers pelvic rotation, pelvic
tilt (lateral tilt / drop), knee flexion in stance phase, foot
mechanisms (knee ankle foot interactions), knee mechanisms
(knee ankle foot interactions), lateral displacement of pelvis
,A person whose right step length is relatively *short* likely has
a problem in the muscles that control *stance* in which limb?
Correct Answers left
Adult-like kinetic patterns for the hip and knee are attained by
____ years of age, but *ankle* joint adult-like patterns are not
achieved until ____ years of age or older Correct Answers 5, 9
an *impairment-based* program results in what:
a *motor-learning* program results in what: Correct Answers
impairment "build a bigger engine": greater physiological
capacity in body systems (that can be used for walking) (i.e.
max performance),
motor "build a better engine": more efficient use of
physiological capacity in body systems (for walking) (i.e.
optimal performance)
Ankle power curve (what is happening at A1 and A2) Correct
Answers A1: eccentric PF activity during midstance and
terminal stance, A2: concentric PF activity during push off
As we age (from adult to geriatric), we spend (more/less) time in
*stance* Correct Answers more (less time in swing; this is for
stability)
As we age from an adult to elderly, we have an
(increase/decrease) in hip *extension*, which in turn *reduces*
power for push off and reduces feedback for postural
adjustments during the gait cycle
, We also experience an (increase/decrease) ankle PF power at
push off partly compensated for by an increased hip flexor
power at pull off Correct Answers decrease, decrease
At *faster* walking speeds, what muscle must act to control
excessive knee flexion Correct Answers rectus femoris (flexes
hip)
at *very slow* walking speeds, the GRFV is inadequate to flex
the knee, and the __________ are active to avoid toe drag
Correct Answers hamstrings (flex the knee to prevent tripping)
at normal speed what is the main muscle used for hip flexion
(pull off)? what muscle would we add if we wanted to increase
the speed? Correct Answers iliopsoas, rectus femoris
at the end of _____________ the body's COG is DIRECTLY
over the BOS Correct Answers midstance
average gait speed (speeds up/slows down) as we age (from
adult to elderly) Correct Answers slows down
besides adding a medial wedge orthotic to support a forefoot or
rearfoot varus, what else would you want to work on with a
patient who has this foot deformity Correct Answers strengthen
slings of foot (medial longitudinal sling - tibialis anterior &
fibularis longus)
besides analyzing the moving body parts during gait, what else
should be looked at? Correct Answers endurance (how far can
