Intro to Psychology; Neuroscience

Key
Chapter 2 Neuroscience totalkaboutinclass
Neuroscience howbrain nervoussystemaffectmentalprocesses andbehavior iii
how doesbraincommunicate vocabulary

info
important
Neurons cellsthattransmitinfo

Also gliacellsbraincellsgiveimportantfunctiontoñÉuÉns donotconductnerveimpulses
formmyelin fattywaxystuffthatsurroundsneuronssosingnalmovefaster
Nomyelinmultiplesclerosis

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canbehundredmicrometersmanycentimeters
axons
re chemical
messengerscarryneural acrosssynapse
signals


apse connectionformedwhenaxon
bulbgets
closeto dentriteoranotherneuron
Inenection
hasna
are
synapticneuron

euronthatissendingsignalatsynapse eachneuroncansynaps with upto 10,000otherneurons
synapticgap the
signs
sostsynaptic neuron


euronthatreceivessignalat a synapse Brainuseselectrochemicalenergymadebyions sig
off
nagging
Braintissue gliacellsneuronssurroundedbyfluidwithdifferentions

restingpotential whenneuronisrestingionchannelsstopNat sodium
thedifference fromgoinginthecell highconcentrationofNatmakeouts
in charge conornegative
cellhigh
cellpositiveInside ionsnegativecharge
important in creating
neuralsignals




Aerotentialshownearonsfired
whenneuronsgetsignalsfromotherneuronsitcanmakecellmore tort
if signalmakesneuronmore t mayreachthresholdofexcitation ssmv
ionchannelsopenallowNattoenter

allornonelaw allactionpotentialsareequalinstrengthsowhenisfiredgoesallthewaydowntheaxon

refractoryperiod brieftimeafter
neuronfired doitagain
actionpotentialitcant

, synaptic
transmission



actionpotentialreachesaxonbulb neurotransmittersintosynaps
comein contactwithreceptors changein electricalpotential
lock3Key
excitation whenneurotransmittermakespostsynapticcellmorepositiveinsidemorelikelyto
fireactionpotential Glutamate
VS
inhibition causesinsideorpostsynapticcelltobecomemorenegativetomoveawayfromthresholdofexcitation
GABA
axon addsupthe two signalsandonlywhenthesummovesrestingpotential
to threshold theneuron will fire actionpotential

reuptake neurotransmitters removedfrom synapse3returned topresynaptic

chemicalmessengers
in theBrain 2.2
neuro
modulator chemicalsthataffectsignalingwithout
directlychangingrestingpotential


the1stneurotransmitterdiscovered Acetylcholine Acn
consciousnessand
inhibitsactionofheart exciteskeletalmuscles memory
pplw alzheimer'slackneuronsreleasingAch

Dopamine Serotonin

neurotransmitter movementmotivation neurotransmitter sleeparousalmood
learningandreward eatingpainperception
Parkinson's lossordopamine lackofserotonin depression anxiety
schizophreniatoomuchdopamine drugspreventitsreuptake
releaseshormone
norepinephrine nor adrenaline


neurotransmitter regulatesleeparousalmood energyattention

ammaaminobutyricacidGABA marinnibitoryneurotransmitter inbrainRegulatearousal

lutamate manexciatoryneurotransmitter inbrainFoundin 50 ofsynapsestoomuchcankillbraincells

Endorphins


neuromodulatorsthatactlikenaturalpainkillers
similartoopiatesopiumheroinmorphinecodein
releasedincuswhenstressedphysicalexertionorinjury
structure or
nervoussystem

cons brain's
Centralnervoussystem spine

peripheral nervoussystem Pns allnervoussystembsbutbrainandspine