UTA PHARMACOLOGY Chapter 3 Life Span Concepts(solved & updated).

UTA PHARMACOLOGY
Chapter 3 Life Span
Concepts(solved &
updated)
Classification of Young Patients - answer Younger than 38
weeks gestation-premature, younger than 1 month
neonate, 1 month up to 1 year infant; 1 year up to 12
years child / Pediatric means up to age 16


Absorption and Metabolism: Life Span
Consideratons - answer Neonate and pediatric patients ;
absorption gastric ph less acid—cells don't mature until
age 1-2 (more drugs enter the brain—immature blood
brain barrier
- Gastric emptying slower- peristalsis slow and
irregular
- IM injection absorption is faster and irregular


Life- Span Considerations(Neonate and Pediatric Patient)
Distibution and Metabolism - answer DistribuFon
- Total body water 85%in preemies; 70% to 80% in full
term infants and about 64% in the child child
- Less fat content

, - Decreased Protein binding
- More drugs enter the brain- immature Blood Brain
Barrier
- Metabolism
- Decreased first pass metabolism in liver- immaturity
and fewer microsomal enzymes


Factors Affecting Pediatric
Drug Dosages - answer Skin is thin and permeable
• Stomach lacks acid to kill bacteria
• Lungs have weaker mucus barriers
• Body temperatures less well regulated, and dehydraFon
occurs easily
• Liver and kidneys are immature, impairing drug
metabolism
and excreFon


Neonatal and Pediatric ConsideraFons:
PharmacokineFcs (Cont.) - answer Kidney immaturity
affects glomerular filtraFon rate
and tubular secreFon.
Decreased perfusion rate of the kidneys may reduce
excreFon of drugs.


Methods of Dosage Calculation for