UTA PHARMACOLOGY
Chapter 2
Pharmacologic
Principles (solved
2024)
What is Pharmacology - answer The study of drugs and
their interaction with
living systems
• A drug is any chemical substance other
than those normally required (food/water)
which affects living systems by changing their
structure or function
• Clinical pharmacology - the study of drugs in
humans
Subsections of Pharmacology
Pharmacokinetcs
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmaco-therapeutics
• Pharmaco-genomics
,• Pharmaco-economics-
• Pharmaco-ethnography - answer Pharmacoknetics-is
how the body responds to the drug
Pharmocotherapeutics- using drugs to for diagnoses and
help cure diseases
Phamaco-genomics- are the variations in interactions wiht
drus and all genes
Pharmaco-economics- sociatal factors that affect the
ability to get a drug(like income)
Pharmacoethnography- the cultural or ethnic background
that affects how one doesnt take a drug(religous belief) or
reacts to a drug i.e. pharmogenetic or genetic
polymorphism
Pharmacogenetics and
Pharmacogenomics - answer The way an individual's
geneFc inheritance
contributes to how they respond to drugs
• Usually a single nucleotide difference in a given
population
- *Genetic polymorphisms*
- *Affect the Cytochrome P450 enzyme system*and some
drug receptors
• Drugs that are commonly involved:
pain meds; antidepressants;antihypertensives;
asthma meds; cancer drugs; and many more
Drug Polymorphisms - answer *Genetic polymorphisms*
, • *effect the pharmacokinetics of specific drugs or drug
classes due to:
• varying expression of the particular *CYP450 enzyme
family that metabolizes the drug*.
- May affect a drug target (receptor) *
- Genetic poly morphisms interact with: a person's
inherited genetic variation, and /or environmental
factors that cause changes to DNA outside the
nucleus (epigenetics) to determine the treatment
outcome (effect) of a pharmacologic agent.
• We can now test for some of these variants
Patient Adherence to Drug Therapy factors - answer - Age
- Education level
- Severity of illness
- Understanding of the importance of toxicity
- Length and complexity of therapy
- Symptom abatement
- Cultural beliefs
- Side effects
- Cost
Pharmacologic Principles Pharmocokinetics and
Pharmacodynamics - answer Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacon (drug / poison) Kinetics(movement)
Chapter 2
Pharmacologic
Principles (solved
2024)
What is Pharmacology - answer The study of drugs and
their interaction with
living systems
• A drug is any chemical substance other
than those normally required (food/water)
which affects living systems by changing their
structure or function
• Clinical pharmacology - the study of drugs in
humans
Subsections of Pharmacology
Pharmacokinetcs
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmaco-therapeutics
• Pharmaco-genomics
,• Pharmaco-economics-
• Pharmaco-ethnography - answer Pharmacoknetics-is
how the body responds to the drug
Pharmocotherapeutics- using drugs to for diagnoses and
help cure diseases
Phamaco-genomics- are the variations in interactions wiht
drus and all genes
Pharmaco-economics- sociatal factors that affect the
ability to get a drug(like income)
Pharmacoethnography- the cultural or ethnic background
that affects how one doesnt take a drug(religous belief) or
reacts to a drug i.e. pharmogenetic or genetic
polymorphism
Pharmacogenetics and
Pharmacogenomics - answer The way an individual's
geneFc inheritance
contributes to how they respond to drugs
• Usually a single nucleotide difference in a given
population
- *Genetic polymorphisms*
- *Affect the Cytochrome P450 enzyme system*and some
drug receptors
• Drugs that are commonly involved:
pain meds; antidepressants;antihypertensives;
asthma meds; cancer drugs; and many more
Drug Polymorphisms - answer *Genetic polymorphisms*
, • *effect the pharmacokinetics of specific drugs or drug
classes due to:
• varying expression of the particular *CYP450 enzyme
family that metabolizes the drug*.
- May affect a drug target (receptor) *
- Genetic poly morphisms interact with: a person's
inherited genetic variation, and /or environmental
factors that cause changes to DNA outside the
nucleus (epigenetics) to determine the treatment
outcome (effect) of a pharmacologic agent.
• We can now test for some of these variants
Patient Adherence to Drug Therapy factors - answer - Age
- Education level
- Severity of illness
- Understanding of the importance of toxicity
- Length and complexity of therapy
- Symptom abatement
- Cultural beliefs
- Side effects
- Cost
Pharmacologic Principles Pharmocokinetics and
Pharmacodynamics - answer Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacon (drug / poison) Kinetics(movement)
