Level 1 sommelier-Exam Questions and Answers well Explained Latest 2024/2025 Update 100% Correct.

What is riddling or remuage - The gradual movement off expired yeast cells (sediment) to the neck of the bottle by turning Negociant - Merchants who do not own the vineyard land, but will buy grapes and or finished wine for blending and bottling under their own label Name 4 vine diseases - Powdery mildew, downy mildew, leaf roll virus and fanleaf degeneration, pierces disease What is malolactic fermentation - The conversion of malic acid into softer lactic acid, can often give a buttery taste What is the main species of wine grapes - Vitis vinifera What is a green harvest - Pruning bad grapes in order to send nutrients to the healthy ones Name 4 vineyard pests - Phylloxera, mealybug, mites, glassy winged sharpshooter What is brix - Sugar measurement of grapes Sugar+ yeast= - Co2+alcohol+flavor+aroma+heat What is chaptalization - Adding sugar to unfermented grape must to increase the alcohol content after fermentation What grape is Beaujolais made from - Gamay Name four crus in Beaujolais - Moulin-a-vent, Morgon, brouilly, cote de brouillyWhat is carbonic maceration - Whole grapes are fermented in a co2 rich environment prior to crushing What is a stelvin - A screw cap Wines in burgundy are defined mainly by what - Their producers Domaine - The entire process from growing the grapes to bottling and ageing the wines takes place at the domaine itself What are the main grapes in burgundy - Pinot noir and chardonnay Chablis climate - Continental (high in acid) Chablis soil - Kimmeridgian clay/limestone (mineral) What are the five distinct regions of burgundy - Chablis, cote d'or, maconnais, cote chalonnaise, Beaujolais Soil of cote d'or - Marl and limestone What grape dominates cote de nuits - Pinot noir What grape dominates cote de beaune - Chardonnay What aoc has the most grand crus in cote de nuits - Gevrey-chambertin (9) Highly regarded vintages of cote de nuits - 02,05,09,10,11,12 Highly regarded vintages of the cote de beaune - 02,05,09,10,11,12What region of the cote chalonnaise makes the wine from aligote - Bouzeron Famous region in maconnais that makes wine from chardonnay - Pouilly-fuisse What method is used to make prosecco - Charmat method What is the most common method of making champagne - Methode champenoise aka methode traditionnelle (2nd fermentation in bottle) What is liqueur de tirage - A mixture of wine, sugar, and yeast that is added to still wine during secondary fermentation in champagne What are the main steps of the classic method of making champagne - 1. primary fermentation 2. Secondary fermentation (liqueur de tirage, and sur lie aging) 3. Removal of sediment (riddling, disgorging, and dosage) What is autolysis - The gradual breakdown of yeast cells in the bottle How long does secondary fermentation take in the classic method - 6-12 weeks What are the spent yeast cells in champagne called - Lees What is a pupitre - An A-frame rack used to store wine and riddle them over time What is chinon and bourgeuil - Cab franc What does cornas produce - 100% Syrah (northern Rhone) What is a Gyropalette - A cubic palette used to mechanically slowly turn and riddle champagne What is disgorgement - The process of removing yeast from the bottle by freezing the end then ejecting itWhat us dosage - Adding "liqueur d'expedition" to wine after disgorgement to balance out the naturally high acidity What is liqueur d'expidition - A solution of sugar and wine