POAT Midterm Guide
what are the symptoms of nerve irritation of an ill fitted orthotic - answer numbness
tingling
burning
motor changes
pain
what are the symptoms of vascular irritation of an ill fitted orthotic - answer change in
color (deep red, blue, blanched)
temperature changes
swelling
burning
throbbing
how might you modify an orthotic that is causing nerve/vascular irritation symptoms -
answer extra padding
flaring the orthotic's edge
use straps and slings of adequate width to disperse the pressure
what are the 3 force principles when creating a biomechanics advantage for an orthotic?
- answer1. at rest, all forces must be balanced and equal 0.
2. increasing the surface area, decreases the local pressure on the skin
3. increasing the moment arm length, decreases the local pressure on the skin
which type of orthosis utilizes low load, long duration stretch with the muscle at/near its
maximum length - answerserial static orthosis
which type of orthosis utilizes stress relaxation theory and applies a low load force to
the tissue's end range in one direction over a long period of time - answerstatic
progressive orthosis
what is the stress relaxation theory - answeroccurs when a material that is subjected to
a constant deformation requires a decreasing load with time to maintain a steady state
--> creep
what is the present day theory on foot orthoses - answertissue stress theory
what is an outrigger - answeran extension from the base of the brace that allows the
force to retain the optimal 90 degree pull
, T/F: a static orthosis with an outrigger becomes a dynamic orthosis - answertrue
purpose of adding an outrigger to a static orthosis - answerallows for dynamic stretching
are outriggers typically on UE or LE splints - answerUE > LE
what kind of braces use 4 points of contact - answerACL brace
KAFO
which population would benefit from a rocker bottom shoe with flared/cushion heel -
answerarthritis
which population would benefit from a rocker bottom shoe with extra depth to allow for
swelling/deformities, with a cushion heel - answergout
which population would benefit from a Thermold leather shoe (which is full contact, soft,
shock absorbing material) - answerdiabetes
PVD if no edema is present
which population would benefit from a Thermold sandal with velcro closure -
answerPVD
which population would benefit from a shoe with elastic shoe laces - answerpts with
edema
which population would benefit from a leather flat bottom shoe with mild toe spring -
answerPD
when is a locking KAFO indicated - answerwhen AFO does not control knee buckling,
medial/lateral stability or AP stability, or if they have < 3/5 quad strength
describe the difference between bail lock and drop lock KAFOs - answerbail: pressure
from the back of their seat to a stiff bar releases the lock to allow for flexion; spring
loaded extension
drop: gravity dependent locking for extension, manually lift lock for flexion
who should not use drop lock KAFOs - answerif the pt has limited hand function,
significant LE spasticity, or dependence on an AD when standing
who should utilize drop lock KAFOs - answer- pt has hand function
- no spasticity in LE
- no AD
what are the symptoms of nerve irritation of an ill fitted orthotic - answer numbness
tingling
burning
motor changes
pain
what are the symptoms of vascular irritation of an ill fitted orthotic - answer change in
color (deep red, blue, blanched)
temperature changes
swelling
burning
throbbing
how might you modify an orthotic that is causing nerve/vascular irritation symptoms -
answer extra padding
flaring the orthotic's edge
use straps and slings of adequate width to disperse the pressure
what are the 3 force principles when creating a biomechanics advantage for an orthotic?
- answer1. at rest, all forces must be balanced and equal 0.
2. increasing the surface area, decreases the local pressure on the skin
3. increasing the moment arm length, decreases the local pressure on the skin
which type of orthosis utilizes low load, long duration stretch with the muscle at/near its
maximum length - answerserial static orthosis
which type of orthosis utilizes stress relaxation theory and applies a low load force to
the tissue's end range in one direction over a long period of time - answerstatic
progressive orthosis
what is the stress relaxation theory - answeroccurs when a material that is subjected to
a constant deformation requires a decreasing load with time to maintain a steady state
--> creep
what is the present day theory on foot orthoses - answertissue stress theory
what is an outrigger - answeran extension from the base of the brace that allows the
force to retain the optimal 90 degree pull
, T/F: a static orthosis with an outrigger becomes a dynamic orthosis - answertrue
purpose of adding an outrigger to a static orthosis - answerallows for dynamic stretching
are outriggers typically on UE or LE splints - answerUE > LE
what kind of braces use 4 points of contact - answerACL brace
KAFO
which population would benefit from a rocker bottom shoe with flared/cushion heel -
answerarthritis
which population would benefit from a rocker bottom shoe with extra depth to allow for
swelling/deformities, with a cushion heel - answergout
which population would benefit from a Thermold leather shoe (which is full contact, soft,
shock absorbing material) - answerdiabetes
PVD if no edema is present
which population would benefit from a Thermold sandal with velcro closure -
answerPVD
which population would benefit from a shoe with elastic shoe laces - answerpts with
edema
which population would benefit from a leather flat bottom shoe with mild toe spring -
answerPD
when is a locking KAFO indicated - answerwhen AFO does not control knee buckling,
medial/lateral stability or AP stability, or if they have < 3/5 quad strength
describe the difference between bail lock and drop lock KAFOs - answerbail: pressure
from the back of their seat to a stiff bar releases the lock to allow for flexion; spring
loaded extension
drop: gravity dependent locking for extension, manually lift lock for flexion
who should not use drop lock KAFOs - answerif the pt has limited hand function,
significant LE spasticity, or dependence on an AD when standing
who should utilize drop lock KAFOs - answer- pt has hand function
- no spasticity in LE
- no AD
