BRIGHTSTARS EXAM STUDY SOLUTIONS 8/15/2024 2:05 PM
BSNC 5000 Peds midterm Exam Questions
With Correct Answers.
When does anterior fontanelle close for infant - answer✔✔12-18 mo
what does bulging fontanelle mean? - answer✔✔-dehydration (intravasc losses)
-intracranial bleeding
What are main neurological differences btn infant and adult - answer✔✔-thinner cranial bones
-cranial sutures dont fuse til adult
-hearing ranges
-BBB is not fully developed !!!
-unable to control their head
what are main HEENT differences btn infant and adult - answer✔✔-smaller airways
-bb's = nose breathers til 4-6mo
-lrger tongue and smaller oral cavity
-trachea is more cartilaginous and soft
-tonsils may be enlarged
-larynx is higher and more anterior
-short trachea
what does the main differences of HEENT in infants vs adult mean? - answer✔✔-greater risk of
airway obstruction
-nose breather = nares must be patent
-tongue is more likely to obstruct airway
-trachea nature (being shorter) is succeptible to collapse and be obstructed
-endotracheal tube can be hard to insert due to enlarged tonsils
,BRIGHTSTARS EXAM STUDY SOLUTIONS 8/15/2024 2:05 PM
-intubation can be harder due to larynx position and epiglottis
what are the main cardiovasc differences btn infants and adults - answer✔✔-higher metabolic
rate
-higher HR
-Blood vol is larger, but absolute vol is smaller
-smaller vessels, lrg heart compared to small body
-under 6mo SV cannot be adjusted (everything is dependent on inc HR)
-minimal # of myocytes
-drop in urine output = issues w heart
what does main cardiovasc differences for infants vs adults mean - answer✔✔-leads to rapid
desat
-blood loss is very closely monitored
main GI differences in infants vs adults - answer✔✔-abdo contents = unprotected due to thin
abdo wall and underdevleoped muscles
-smaller stomach, empties faster
-gastro/cardiac sphincter at base of esophagus is LOOSE and underveloped
-liver is underdeveloped
what does the differences in GI for infants vs adults mean - answer✔✔-undeveloped liver =
greater risk of jaundice
-underdeveloped and loose gastro / cardiac sphincter makes it easier to vomit
-grater risk for blunt abdo trauma
what are the main GU differences in infants vs adults - answer✔✔-immature kidneys til 12mo
-dec RAAS response til 2yrs
-renal blood flow and GFR is low
-ADH is produced by collecting ducts, doesnt respond as effectively
what does main GU differences in infants vs adults mean - answer✔✔-immature kidneys = dec
ability to concentrate urine
-more likely to be dehydrated
-ADH role doesnt allow for water absorption as well
, BRIGHTSTARS EXAM STUDY SOLUTIONS 8/15/2024 2:05 PM
-prone to loose stools
what are the main muscle-skeletal differences in infants vs adults - answer✔✔-lack complete
ossification of ribs and sternum
-underdeveloped musculature
-epiphyseal plates dont fuse until skeletal maturity
-bones = more cartilaginous and flexible
what does muscle skeletal differences in infants vs adults mean - answer✔✔-less protection of
underlying structures
-fractured bones can affect growth if epiphyseal plates arent closed
main differences in skin of infants vs adults - answer✔✔-less fat
-thinner skin layers
-more likely to have mottled skin when cold
-more likely to have serious burn trauma
-acrocyanosis
what does main skin differences in infants vs adults mean - answer✔✔-larger Surface are of skin
causes inability to reg temp (under 6mo they cant shiver)
-acrocyanosis: normal in newborns due to immature capillaries in hands and feet, capillaries will
start to develop and perfusion will be better and resolved pretty quick)
- answer✔✔
Children more at risk for increased mrobidities - answer✔✔-homeless
-poverty
-children in care services
-Indigenous children
-LBW children
-kids w chronic conditions
-immigrant adopted kids
common health promotion initiatives that address peds morbidity / mortality concerns -
answer✔✔-healthy diet + hygenic practices
-active lifestyle
BSNC 5000 Peds midterm Exam Questions
With Correct Answers.
When does anterior fontanelle close for infant - answer✔✔12-18 mo
what does bulging fontanelle mean? - answer✔✔-dehydration (intravasc losses)
-intracranial bleeding
What are main neurological differences btn infant and adult - answer✔✔-thinner cranial bones
-cranial sutures dont fuse til adult
-hearing ranges
-BBB is not fully developed !!!
-unable to control their head
what are main HEENT differences btn infant and adult - answer✔✔-smaller airways
-bb's = nose breathers til 4-6mo
-lrger tongue and smaller oral cavity
-trachea is more cartilaginous and soft
-tonsils may be enlarged
-larynx is higher and more anterior
-short trachea
what does the main differences of HEENT in infants vs adult mean? - answer✔✔-greater risk of
airway obstruction
-nose breather = nares must be patent
-tongue is more likely to obstruct airway
-trachea nature (being shorter) is succeptible to collapse and be obstructed
-endotracheal tube can be hard to insert due to enlarged tonsils
,BRIGHTSTARS EXAM STUDY SOLUTIONS 8/15/2024 2:05 PM
-intubation can be harder due to larynx position and epiglottis
what are the main cardiovasc differences btn infants and adults - answer✔✔-higher metabolic
rate
-higher HR
-Blood vol is larger, but absolute vol is smaller
-smaller vessels, lrg heart compared to small body
-under 6mo SV cannot be adjusted (everything is dependent on inc HR)
-minimal # of myocytes
-drop in urine output = issues w heart
what does main cardiovasc differences for infants vs adults mean - answer✔✔-leads to rapid
desat
-blood loss is very closely monitored
main GI differences in infants vs adults - answer✔✔-abdo contents = unprotected due to thin
abdo wall and underdevleoped muscles
-smaller stomach, empties faster
-gastro/cardiac sphincter at base of esophagus is LOOSE and underveloped
-liver is underdeveloped
what does the differences in GI for infants vs adults mean - answer✔✔-undeveloped liver =
greater risk of jaundice
-underdeveloped and loose gastro / cardiac sphincter makes it easier to vomit
-grater risk for blunt abdo trauma
what are the main GU differences in infants vs adults - answer✔✔-immature kidneys til 12mo
-dec RAAS response til 2yrs
-renal blood flow and GFR is low
-ADH is produced by collecting ducts, doesnt respond as effectively
what does main GU differences in infants vs adults mean - answer✔✔-immature kidneys = dec
ability to concentrate urine
-more likely to be dehydrated
-ADH role doesnt allow for water absorption as well
, BRIGHTSTARS EXAM STUDY SOLUTIONS 8/15/2024 2:05 PM
-prone to loose stools
what are the main muscle-skeletal differences in infants vs adults - answer✔✔-lack complete
ossification of ribs and sternum
-underdeveloped musculature
-epiphyseal plates dont fuse until skeletal maturity
-bones = more cartilaginous and flexible
what does muscle skeletal differences in infants vs adults mean - answer✔✔-less protection of
underlying structures
-fractured bones can affect growth if epiphyseal plates arent closed
main differences in skin of infants vs adults - answer✔✔-less fat
-thinner skin layers
-more likely to have mottled skin when cold
-more likely to have serious burn trauma
-acrocyanosis
what does main skin differences in infants vs adults mean - answer✔✔-larger Surface are of skin
causes inability to reg temp (under 6mo they cant shiver)
-acrocyanosis: normal in newborns due to immature capillaries in hands and feet, capillaries will
start to develop and perfusion will be better and resolved pretty quick)
- answer✔✔
Children more at risk for increased mrobidities - answer✔✔-homeless
-poverty
-children in care services
-Indigenous children
-LBW children
-kids w chronic conditions
-immigrant adopted kids
common health promotion initiatives that address peds morbidity / mortality concerns -
answer✔✔-healthy diet + hygenic practices
-active lifestyle
