Child Development - Week 1 Questions And Answers
With 100% Correct Answers Latest Update 2024/2025.
Name developmental factors - ANSWER neighbourhood, parents and family, peers, guidance
received, individual differences
The biological perspective says that - ANSWER development is rooted in biology. Environment
does not play a factor
Maturational theory - ANSWER development reflects a specific and pre-arranged scheme or
plan within the body (biology alone)
Ethological theory - ANSWER one inherits adaptive behaviours and learning occurs but only at
certain stages
Critical period - ANSWER the time when a specific type of learning can take place. Before or
after this period causes learning to be difficult or even impossible
What are the two critical periods scientists argue? - ANSWER Before puberty, before the age of
2
3 Freud Terms - ANSWER ID, Ego, Superego
ID - ANSWER primitive instincts and drives
When does the ID emerge? - ANSWER at birth
Ego - ANSWER practical, rational
ego arises when - ANSWER in the first year of life
superego - ANSWER moral agent
when does the superego evolve - ANSWER preschool
oral fixation stage - ANSWER 0-2. Child is exploring the world through their mouth
anal fixation stage - ANSWER 2-3. child learns independence via potty training
phallic fixation stage - ANSWER 3-5. Exploring genital area
Latency fixation stage - ANSWER 5-puberty. Dominant sexual feelings
Genital fixation stage - ANSWER Puberty-adulthood. Exploring others and childs own sexual
drives
Erikson's psychological theory - ANSWER development is comprised of a sequence of stages.
Each defined by a unique crisis or challenge
true or false: you will not fully go through Erikson's stages of development - ANSWER false you
will
, Erikson's stages: birth-1 year - ANSWER basic trust of caregiver or mistrust
Erikson's stages: 1-3 year - ANSWER autonomy vs. shame and self-doubt
Erikson's stages: 3-6 year - ANSWER initiative vs guilt
Erikson's stages: 6 years to teen - ANSWER industry vs inferiority
Erikson's stages: adolescence - ANSWER identity vs. identity confusion
young adulthood - ANSWER intimacy vs. isolation
Erikson's stages: middle adulthood - ANSWER generativity vs stagnation
Erikson's stages: late life - ANSWER integrity vs despair
true/false: biology is considered in the learning perspective - ANSWER false
learning perspective - ANSWER children are considered to be blank slates. What they learn will
determine their outcome
positive reinforcement - ANSWER giving a child a reward for good behaviour
positive punishment - ANSWER giving a child an extra chore for bad behaviour
negative reinforcement - ANSWER stop nagging when child starts engaging in good behaviour
negative punishment - ANSWER taking away privilege for bad behaviour
cognitive perspective - ANSWER children's thinking changes as they grow
contextual perspective - ANSWER development is influences by immediate and more distant
environments - culture is a big one
3 aspects of contextual perspective - ANSWER family, country and generation
Vygotsky's theory of contextual - ANSWER the fundamental aim of all societies is to enable
children to acquire essential cultural values and skills
Brofenbrenner's theory - ANSWER there is an individual in the middle and is directly and
indirectly affected by many systems
order of ecological systems - ANSWER microsystem - mesosystem - exosystem - macrosystem -
chronosystem
microsystem - ANSWER people and objects in an individual's immediate environment (family)
mesosystem - ANSWER microsystems affecting one another (school affecting neighbourhood)
exosystem - ANSWER social systems that child might not experience first-hand (parents
workplace
macrosystem - ANSWER cultures and subcultures in which the other systems are embedded
(culture of mother's coworker)
With 100% Correct Answers Latest Update 2024/2025.
Name developmental factors - ANSWER neighbourhood, parents and family, peers, guidance
received, individual differences
The biological perspective says that - ANSWER development is rooted in biology. Environment
does not play a factor
Maturational theory - ANSWER development reflects a specific and pre-arranged scheme or
plan within the body (biology alone)
Ethological theory - ANSWER one inherits adaptive behaviours and learning occurs but only at
certain stages
Critical period - ANSWER the time when a specific type of learning can take place. Before or
after this period causes learning to be difficult or even impossible
What are the two critical periods scientists argue? - ANSWER Before puberty, before the age of
2
3 Freud Terms - ANSWER ID, Ego, Superego
ID - ANSWER primitive instincts and drives
When does the ID emerge? - ANSWER at birth
Ego - ANSWER practical, rational
ego arises when - ANSWER in the first year of life
superego - ANSWER moral agent
when does the superego evolve - ANSWER preschool
oral fixation stage - ANSWER 0-2. Child is exploring the world through their mouth
anal fixation stage - ANSWER 2-3. child learns independence via potty training
phallic fixation stage - ANSWER 3-5. Exploring genital area
Latency fixation stage - ANSWER 5-puberty. Dominant sexual feelings
Genital fixation stage - ANSWER Puberty-adulthood. Exploring others and childs own sexual
drives
Erikson's psychological theory - ANSWER development is comprised of a sequence of stages.
Each defined by a unique crisis or challenge
true or false: you will not fully go through Erikson's stages of development - ANSWER false you
will
, Erikson's stages: birth-1 year - ANSWER basic trust of caregiver or mistrust
Erikson's stages: 1-3 year - ANSWER autonomy vs. shame and self-doubt
Erikson's stages: 3-6 year - ANSWER initiative vs guilt
Erikson's stages: 6 years to teen - ANSWER industry vs inferiority
Erikson's stages: adolescence - ANSWER identity vs. identity confusion
young adulthood - ANSWER intimacy vs. isolation
Erikson's stages: middle adulthood - ANSWER generativity vs stagnation
Erikson's stages: late life - ANSWER integrity vs despair
true/false: biology is considered in the learning perspective - ANSWER false
learning perspective - ANSWER children are considered to be blank slates. What they learn will
determine their outcome
positive reinforcement - ANSWER giving a child a reward for good behaviour
positive punishment - ANSWER giving a child an extra chore for bad behaviour
negative reinforcement - ANSWER stop nagging when child starts engaging in good behaviour
negative punishment - ANSWER taking away privilege for bad behaviour
cognitive perspective - ANSWER children's thinking changes as they grow
contextual perspective - ANSWER development is influences by immediate and more distant
environments - culture is a big one
3 aspects of contextual perspective - ANSWER family, country and generation
Vygotsky's theory of contextual - ANSWER the fundamental aim of all societies is to enable
children to acquire essential cultural values and skills
Brofenbrenner's theory - ANSWER there is an individual in the middle and is directly and
indirectly affected by many systems
order of ecological systems - ANSWER microsystem - mesosystem - exosystem - macrosystem -
chronosystem
microsystem - ANSWER people and objects in an individual's immediate environment (family)
mesosystem - ANSWER microsystems affecting one another (school affecting neighbourhood)
exosystem - ANSWER social systems that child might not experience first-hand (parents
workplace
macrosystem - ANSWER cultures and subcultures in which the other systems are embedded
(culture of mother's coworker)
