Ap European History Final Exam Review Notes
1. Renaissance and Exploration 1300
2. Reformation
3. Absolutism and Constitutionalism
4. Scientific, Philosophical, and Political Development
5. Conflict, Chris, and Reaction in the late 18th century
6. Industrialization and its Effects
7. 19th-Century Perspectives and Political Developments
8. 20th Century Global Conflicts
9. Cold War and Contemporary Europe
Format:
55 multiple choice 40% 55 min
Short Answer 3 with 3 subparts 40 min
DBQ 25% ~ 1 hour
LEQ 15% ~40 min
Century by Century
- 15th century, 1400s
- Columbus traveled to the new world
- Exploration between spain and portugal
- Renaissance
- Machiavelli
- Humanism
- Medici
- New monarchs, centralizing state power, creating countries
- Henry VII
- Louis XI
- Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain
- Inquisition
- Reconquista kicks jews and moors out of spain
- Printing Press, carries into 1500s also
- 16th century, 1500s
- Renaissance
- Printing Press, vernacular
- Columbian exchange, coming from exploration in the 1400s
- Mercantilism
- Protestant reformation
, - 1517 Luther posts 95 theses
- Calvin
- Counter reformation ->
- Peace of Augsburg, HRE looming large
- Charles V of HRE and Charles I of Spain
- Nephew of Catherine of aragon
- Spanish Armada, religious wars
- Elizabeth I, philip II tries to invade england to marry elizabeth in spanish armada
- Slave trade
- Montaigne
- Witch trials
- 17th century, 1600s
- 30 year war, last religious war, peace of westphalia
- English civil war + hobbes and locke
- Divine right monarch -> limited monarchy 1688 (time of John Locke)
- Netherlands, democratic government run by merchants
- France, Austria, Prussia, Russia -> absolutism, divine right monarchs
- Scientific Revolution
- Newton
- Galileo
- Witch trials end because people have higher standards of evidence
- HRE
- Enclosure, common land taken from peasants
- 18th century, 1700s
- Enlightenment
- Salons, madame Geoffrin
- Women's movement, Olympe de Gouges , Christine de Pizan
- American Revolution
- French Revolution 1789-1799
- Agricultural revolution
- Putting out system
- population increase
- Global economy
- Spanish Succession
- 7 year war/colonial wars, before french revolution
- Adam Smith
- 19th century, 1800
- Napolean wars
- Congress of Vienna
- Metternich
- Rise of the isms (Romanticism, Liberalism, Nationalism, Socialism…)
- Romanticism, reaction to enlightenment
- Unification of Italy/Germany, mid to late
- Revolutions of 1848, 1830, 1824
, - Realpolitik, Bismarck and welfare
- Industrial revolution
- railroads, industrialization
- rise of the middle class
- Workers form unions
- Sanitation and urban development, Chadwick
- Voting in england/france
- New imperialism,
- colonies
- social darwinism
- Population increased, Maltus
- Women's suffrage
- Ottoman Empire breaks up
- Russia emancipation of serfs 1861
- 20th century, 1900s
- WWI
- Russian Revolution
- Fascism-> Mussolini
- WWII
- Hitler
- Stalin
- Totalitarianism
- Cold War
- Capitalism vs Communism
- NATO
- Rise and fall of USSR
- Gorbachev
- Consumer goods
- Nukes
- Arms Race
- Decolonization
- Great depression
Unit 1: Renaissance and Exploration
- Italian renaissance 1400~
- Inspired by Greek and Roman art and ideals
- Began in Italian City-States
- Lots of trade with the east due to the crusades which inspired the countries to look for
alternative routes to these areas, exploration
- Fall of constantinople forced people to move to italy
- Humanism
- Petrarch
- Thomas More and Erasmus
, - Studied Plato and Homer
- Virtu, the quality of being a man, living up to one's highest potential,
- The renaissance man
- Da Vinci
- Italy is a collection of city states, geographically lucky because they have the
mediterranean sea and they became the middlemen of trade
- Florence was the center of the trade
- Banking became something that made the bankers rich due to profitable loans
- Popes and monarchs financed things in the city
- Italy became luxurious and wealthy
- Medici Family
- Wealthy patrons involved in banking
- Og medici is regarded as one of the world's first modern person
- His son used his money to become the unofficial ruler of Florence
- Art took a steer away from being religious and now the patrons tended to also be the
commercial class and governments of the city states
- Machiavelli
- A ruler can not be only the friends of his people and must maintain a balance
between being kind and cruel
- No religion involved in governing
- Ends justify the means
- Castiglione
- The book of the courtier
- How a gentleman should act
- The Northern Renaissance 1430~
- Far more religious
- Pietism
- Christain Humanism, they wanted to have the ideas of the renaissance but they based
their ideas in the bible
- Fugger Family, german medicis
- Credit in banking
- Many political Movements of this time had ties to banking
- Printing Press contributed to the spread of the renaissance to other areas and also
contributed to the spread of the reformation 1440
- Copernicus discovers that the world is heliocentric 1504
- Went directly against the church
- Mysticism, the belief that one unaided by the church could commune with God
- Erasmus, praise of folly 1509
- Wanted gradual reforms in the church
- Satirized the clergy and ridiculed hypocrisy
- Skeptic
- English Renaissance
- Elizabeth I, religious balance, daughter of henry 8th
- Elizabethan era 1558-1603
1. Renaissance and Exploration 1300
2. Reformation
3. Absolutism and Constitutionalism
4. Scientific, Philosophical, and Political Development
5. Conflict, Chris, and Reaction in the late 18th century
6. Industrialization and its Effects
7. 19th-Century Perspectives and Political Developments
8. 20th Century Global Conflicts
9. Cold War and Contemporary Europe
Format:
55 multiple choice 40% 55 min
Short Answer 3 with 3 subparts 40 min
DBQ 25% ~ 1 hour
LEQ 15% ~40 min
Century by Century
- 15th century, 1400s
- Columbus traveled to the new world
- Exploration between spain and portugal
- Renaissance
- Machiavelli
- Humanism
- Medici
- New monarchs, centralizing state power, creating countries
- Henry VII
- Louis XI
- Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain
- Inquisition
- Reconquista kicks jews and moors out of spain
- Printing Press, carries into 1500s also
- 16th century, 1500s
- Renaissance
- Printing Press, vernacular
- Columbian exchange, coming from exploration in the 1400s
- Mercantilism
- Protestant reformation
, - 1517 Luther posts 95 theses
- Calvin
- Counter reformation ->
- Peace of Augsburg, HRE looming large
- Charles V of HRE and Charles I of Spain
- Nephew of Catherine of aragon
- Spanish Armada, religious wars
- Elizabeth I, philip II tries to invade england to marry elizabeth in spanish armada
- Slave trade
- Montaigne
- Witch trials
- 17th century, 1600s
- 30 year war, last religious war, peace of westphalia
- English civil war + hobbes and locke
- Divine right monarch -> limited monarchy 1688 (time of John Locke)
- Netherlands, democratic government run by merchants
- France, Austria, Prussia, Russia -> absolutism, divine right monarchs
- Scientific Revolution
- Newton
- Galileo
- Witch trials end because people have higher standards of evidence
- HRE
- Enclosure, common land taken from peasants
- 18th century, 1700s
- Enlightenment
- Salons, madame Geoffrin
- Women's movement, Olympe de Gouges , Christine de Pizan
- American Revolution
- French Revolution 1789-1799
- Agricultural revolution
- Putting out system
- population increase
- Global economy
- Spanish Succession
- 7 year war/colonial wars, before french revolution
- Adam Smith
- 19th century, 1800
- Napolean wars
- Congress of Vienna
- Metternich
- Rise of the isms (Romanticism, Liberalism, Nationalism, Socialism…)
- Romanticism, reaction to enlightenment
- Unification of Italy/Germany, mid to late
- Revolutions of 1848, 1830, 1824
, - Realpolitik, Bismarck and welfare
- Industrial revolution
- railroads, industrialization
- rise of the middle class
- Workers form unions
- Sanitation and urban development, Chadwick
- Voting in england/france
- New imperialism,
- colonies
- social darwinism
- Population increased, Maltus
- Women's suffrage
- Ottoman Empire breaks up
- Russia emancipation of serfs 1861
- 20th century, 1900s
- WWI
- Russian Revolution
- Fascism-> Mussolini
- WWII
- Hitler
- Stalin
- Totalitarianism
- Cold War
- Capitalism vs Communism
- NATO
- Rise and fall of USSR
- Gorbachev
- Consumer goods
- Nukes
- Arms Race
- Decolonization
- Great depression
Unit 1: Renaissance and Exploration
- Italian renaissance 1400~
- Inspired by Greek and Roman art and ideals
- Began in Italian City-States
- Lots of trade with the east due to the crusades which inspired the countries to look for
alternative routes to these areas, exploration
- Fall of constantinople forced people to move to italy
- Humanism
- Petrarch
- Thomas More and Erasmus
, - Studied Plato and Homer
- Virtu, the quality of being a man, living up to one's highest potential,
- The renaissance man
- Da Vinci
- Italy is a collection of city states, geographically lucky because they have the
mediterranean sea and they became the middlemen of trade
- Florence was the center of the trade
- Banking became something that made the bankers rich due to profitable loans
- Popes and monarchs financed things in the city
- Italy became luxurious and wealthy
- Medici Family
- Wealthy patrons involved in banking
- Og medici is regarded as one of the world's first modern person
- His son used his money to become the unofficial ruler of Florence
- Art took a steer away from being religious and now the patrons tended to also be the
commercial class and governments of the city states
- Machiavelli
- A ruler can not be only the friends of his people and must maintain a balance
between being kind and cruel
- No religion involved in governing
- Ends justify the means
- Castiglione
- The book of the courtier
- How a gentleman should act
- The Northern Renaissance 1430~
- Far more religious
- Pietism
- Christain Humanism, they wanted to have the ideas of the renaissance but they based
their ideas in the bible
- Fugger Family, german medicis
- Credit in banking
- Many political Movements of this time had ties to banking
- Printing Press contributed to the spread of the renaissance to other areas and also
contributed to the spread of the reformation 1440
- Copernicus discovers that the world is heliocentric 1504
- Went directly against the church
- Mysticism, the belief that one unaided by the church could commune with God
- Erasmus, praise of folly 1509
- Wanted gradual reforms in the church
- Satirized the clergy and ridiculed hypocrisy
- Skeptic
- English Renaissance
- Elizabeth I, religious balance, daughter of henry 8th
- Elizabethan era 1558-1603
