CSNN-Classes 1 & 2 Macronutrients
Where does Carbohydrate (CHO) originate from? correct answers CHO is a product of
plant photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis - occurs in plants. Roots pick up water from the ground. Leaves take
Carbon dioxide from the air. The two elements combined with sunlight emit oxygen.
Man needs oxygen.
What is the Role of Carbohydrate (CHO) in the body? correct answers CHO is the
primary & preferred source of energy used to carry out all body functions.
Man gives off carbon dioxide (CO2) & water (H2O) Plants take up CO2; combine it with
H2O & sunlight
Man & animals eat plants & breathe oxygen
Describe the carbohydrate cycle that exists between living things and plants? correct
answers 1. Plants produce oxygen & complex sugars & starches (02 & CnH2nOn
2. Man & animals eat plants & breathe oxygen
3. Man gi vest off carbon dioxide (CO2) & water (H2O). Plants take up CO2: combine it
with H2O & sunlight.
What is the overall equation for the photosynthesis that occurs in plants? correct
answers 6CO2 (Carbon Dioxide) + 6H2O (Water) --Light--> C6H12O6 (sugar) + 6O2
(oxygen)
What is the role of macronutrients in the diet? correct answers
What is the role of vitamins in the diet? correct answers
What is the role of minerals in the diet? correct answers
What is the link between nutrition and preventative medicine? correct answers
BE-Explain the importance of water. correct answers
BE-Why is water an essential part of our basic needs? correct answers
BE-Explain how digestion, absorption, and the eliminative processes affect adequate
nutrition. correct answers
,BE-Explain the role macronutrients (carbohydrate, proteins, lipids "fats and oils") have
in the diet and the relationship of quality, insufficiency and excess to your state of
health. correct answers
BE-What are the major vitamins needed for health? correct answers
BE-What are the major minerals needed for health? correct answers
BE-Identify the major vitamins and minerals; list their sources, and important functions
for physical and mental health. correct answers
BE-List and evaluate other nutritional/biochemical supplements that are in common use.
correct answers
BE-Recognize various types of diets. correct answers
BE-List some of the nutritional problems and diseases associated with the Standard
American Diet. correct answers
BE-What dietary habits undermine our health? correct answers
BE-What can a person do to overcome poor dietary habits? correct answers
BE-Describe the three basic metabolic functions: building, cleansing, and maintenance.
correct answers
BE-Explain the importance of water and why it is an essential part of our basic needs.
correct answers
BE-Why has city tap water come to be considered a processed, unnatural substance?
correct answers
BE-Discuss the various sources of water available to us. correct answers
BE-List the factors that may influence the amount of water we need individually. correct
answers
BE-Explain how digestion, absorption, and the eliminative processes affect adequate
nutrition. correct answers
BE-Describe the functions of the digestive system organs. correct answers
BE-List the enzyme secretions from the digestive system organs. correct answers
BE-What effect do enzyme secretions have on the food entering the digestive system?
correct answers
,What effect does the mouth have on food entering the digestive system? correct
answers The mouth (including tongue & teeth) mechanically breaks down food into
smaller particles (mastication) Mixes food with saliva that contain digestive enzymes
such as salivary amylase (which helps the breakdown of carbohydrates).
What are the 3 salivary glands that exist in the mouth? correct answers The 3 pairs of
exocrine salivary glands in the mouth are : parotid, submandibular & sublingual glands.
What is the role of the esophagus in the digestion process? correct answers The
esophagus propels food downward to the stomach through peristalsis.
What role does the pancreas play in digestion? correct answers The pancreas secretes
digestive enzymes into the duodenum that break down all of the macronutrients
(protein, fats and carbohydrates). Produces and secretes the endocrine hormones
insulin and glucagon.
What role does the liver play in digestion? correct answers The liver:
1) Metabolizes and stores nutrients (e.g., glycogen, vitamins and minerals) absorbed
from the small intestine, delivered via the hepatic portal vein.
2) produces and secretes bile (an emulsifier).
3) Detoxifies and purifies the blood.
4) Maintains normal blood glucose levels.
5) Makes cholesterol & blood proteins (e.g., albumin and blood clotting factors).
What role does the gallbladder play in digestion? correct answers The gallbladder:
1) Concentrates and stores bile.
2) Releases bile into the duodenum to help breakdown fats into smaller globules.
What role does the stomach play in digestion? correct answers The stomach:
1) Stores & breaks down food by churning & mixing it with gastric secretions such as
HCL, pepsins & intrinsic factor.
2) Releases the hormone gastrin which stimulates the gastric glands to secrete
pepsinogens, mucus & HCl.
4) Provides non-specific immunity against pathogens.
5) Absorbs alcohol & some drugs (e.g., aspirin) directly through its walls and into the
circulatory system.
What is the role of HCl acid in the stomach? correct answers HCl converts
pepsinogens into their active form pepsins which denature proteins fro further digestion
in the small intestine.
What are pepsinogens? correct answers Pepsinogens are secreted by gastric glands
and are protein-digesting enzymes in the stomach.
, What is the role of mucus in the stomach? correct answers In the stomach, mucus
protects the stomach from acidity.
correct answers
What is function of the small intestine? correct answers The small intestine, composed
of the duodenum, ileum & jejunum, secretes hormones to stimulate the secretion of
pancreatic juices, bile, and intestinal enzymes.
What is the function of secretin in the duodenum? correct answers Secretin in the
duodenum stimulates the secretion of sodium bicarbonate from the pancreas and bile
from the liver.
What is the function of cholecystokinin in the duodenum? correct answers
Cholecystokinin (CCK) in the duodenum stimulates the release of digestive enzymes
(e.g., trypsin, chymotrypsin, lipase, and amylase) from the pancreas and bile from the
gall bladder.
What is the function of gastric inhibitory peptide in the duodenum? correct answers
Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) in the duodenum decreases the stomach churning which
slows the emptying of chyme from the stomach. It also induces insulin secretion.
*1WHATS the best approach to when looking at the practice of preventive medicine?
correct answers The practice of preventive medicine should include both
pharmaceutical and natural medicines, providing crisis intervention, evaluation and
teaching of illness through therapy and education.
*1WHY Study Nutrition? correct answers Nutrition Studies are important because
nutrition is a basic component health. Poor nutrition can be a huge factor in disease.
Nutrition is the basis for both preventative & corrective medicine
*1WHAT are the prevalent diseases in our society that are diet related? correct
answers Diet related disease in our society are: diabetes, obesity, cancer and heart
disease, alzheimers, all auto immune diseases, depression (B6).
*1How much training does the average doctor get in nutritional training? correct
answers The average doctor gets about 40 hours of nutritional training in the basic food
guide
*1Which main nutrients are likely to be less than even the RDA recommendations?
correct answers Intake of nutrients like iron, vitamin B6 & folic acid in women / vitamin E
& magnesium in men may be far lower than the RDA for these nutrients
*1What should the practice of preventative medicine consist of? correct answers It
should consist of both pharmaceutical & natural medicines. With services like crisis
Where does Carbohydrate (CHO) originate from? correct answers CHO is a product of
plant photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis - occurs in plants. Roots pick up water from the ground. Leaves take
Carbon dioxide from the air. The two elements combined with sunlight emit oxygen.
Man needs oxygen.
What is the Role of Carbohydrate (CHO) in the body? correct answers CHO is the
primary & preferred source of energy used to carry out all body functions.
Man gives off carbon dioxide (CO2) & water (H2O) Plants take up CO2; combine it with
H2O & sunlight
Man & animals eat plants & breathe oxygen
Describe the carbohydrate cycle that exists between living things and plants? correct
answers 1. Plants produce oxygen & complex sugars & starches (02 & CnH2nOn
2. Man & animals eat plants & breathe oxygen
3. Man gi vest off carbon dioxide (CO2) & water (H2O). Plants take up CO2: combine it
with H2O & sunlight.
What is the overall equation for the photosynthesis that occurs in plants? correct
answers 6CO2 (Carbon Dioxide) + 6H2O (Water) --Light--> C6H12O6 (sugar) + 6O2
(oxygen)
What is the role of macronutrients in the diet? correct answers
What is the role of vitamins in the diet? correct answers
What is the role of minerals in the diet? correct answers
What is the link between nutrition and preventative medicine? correct answers
BE-Explain the importance of water. correct answers
BE-Why is water an essential part of our basic needs? correct answers
BE-Explain how digestion, absorption, and the eliminative processes affect adequate
nutrition. correct answers
,BE-Explain the role macronutrients (carbohydrate, proteins, lipids "fats and oils") have
in the diet and the relationship of quality, insufficiency and excess to your state of
health. correct answers
BE-What are the major vitamins needed for health? correct answers
BE-What are the major minerals needed for health? correct answers
BE-Identify the major vitamins and minerals; list their sources, and important functions
for physical and mental health. correct answers
BE-List and evaluate other nutritional/biochemical supplements that are in common use.
correct answers
BE-Recognize various types of diets. correct answers
BE-List some of the nutritional problems and diseases associated with the Standard
American Diet. correct answers
BE-What dietary habits undermine our health? correct answers
BE-What can a person do to overcome poor dietary habits? correct answers
BE-Describe the three basic metabolic functions: building, cleansing, and maintenance.
correct answers
BE-Explain the importance of water and why it is an essential part of our basic needs.
correct answers
BE-Why has city tap water come to be considered a processed, unnatural substance?
correct answers
BE-Discuss the various sources of water available to us. correct answers
BE-List the factors that may influence the amount of water we need individually. correct
answers
BE-Explain how digestion, absorption, and the eliminative processes affect adequate
nutrition. correct answers
BE-Describe the functions of the digestive system organs. correct answers
BE-List the enzyme secretions from the digestive system organs. correct answers
BE-What effect do enzyme secretions have on the food entering the digestive system?
correct answers
,What effect does the mouth have on food entering the digestive system? correct
answers The mouth (including tongue & teeth) mechanically breaks down food into
smaller particles (mastication) Mixes food with saliva that contain digestive enzymes
such as salivary amylase (which helps the breakdown of carbohydrates).
What are the 3 salivary glands that exist in the mouth? correct answers The 3 pairs of
exocrine salivary glands in the mouth are : parotid, submandibular & sublingual glands.
What is the role of the esophagus in the digestion process? correct answers The
esophagus propels food downward to the stomach through peristalsis.
What role does the pancreas play in digestion? correct answers The pancreas secretes
digestive enzymes into the duodenum that break down all of the macronutrients
(protein, fats and carbohydrates). Produces and secretes the endocrine hormones
insulin and glucagon.
What role does the liver play in digestion? correct answers The liver:
1) Metabolizes and stores nutrients (e.g., glycogen, vitamins and minerals) absorbed
from the small intestine, delivered via the hepatic portal vein.
2) produces and secretes bile (an emulsifier).
3) Detoxifies and purifies the blood.
4) Maintains normal blood glucose levels.
5) Makes cholesterol & blood proteins (e.g., albumin and blood clotting factors).
What role does the gallbladder play in digestion? correct answers The gallbladder:
1) Concentrates and stores bile.
2) Releases bile into the duodenum to help breakdown fats into smaller globules.
What role does the stomach play in digestion? correct answers The stomach:
1) Stores & breaks down food by churning & mixing it with gastric secretions such as
HCL, pepsins & intrinsic factor.
2) Releases the hormone gastrin which stimulates the gastric glands to secrete
pepsinogens, mucus & HCl.
4) Provides non-specific immunity against pathogens.
5) Absorbs alcohol & some drugs (e.g., aspirin) directly through its walls and into the
circulatory system.
What is the role of HCl acid in the stomach? correct answers HCl converts
pepsinogens into their active form pepsins which denature proteins fro further digestion
in the small intestine.
What are pepsinogens? correct answers Pepsinogens are secreted by gastric glands
and are protein-digesting enzymes in the stomach.
, What is the role of mucus in the stomach? correct answers In the stomach, mucus
protects the stomach from acidity.
correct answers
What is function of the small intestine? correct answers The small intestine, composed
of the duodenum, ileum & jejunum, secretes hormones to stimulate the secretion of
pancreatic juices, bile, and intestinal enzymes.
What is the function of secretin in the duodenum? correct answers Secretin in the
duodenum stimulates the secretion of sodium bicarbonate from the pancreas and bile
from the liver.
What is the function of cholecystokinin in the duodenum? correct answers
Cholecystokinin (CCK) in the duodenum stimulates the release of digestive enzymes
(e.g., trypsin, chymotrypsin, lipase, and amylase) from the pancreas and bile from the
gall bladder.
What is the function of gastric inhibitory peptide in the duodenum? correct answers
Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) in the duodenum decreases the stomach churning which
slows the emptying of chyme from the stomach. It also induces insulin secretion.
*1WHATS the best approach to when looking at the practice of preventive medicine?
correct answers The practice of preventive medicine should include both
pharmaceutical and natural medicines, providing crisis intervention, evaluation and
teaching of illness through therapy and education.
*1WHY Study Nutrition? correct answers Nutrition Studies are important because
nutrition is a basic component health. Poor nutrition can be a huge factor in disease.
Nutrition is the basis for both preventative & corrective medicine
*1WHAT are the prevalent diseases in our society that are diet related? correct
answers Diet related disease in our society are: diabetes, obesity, cancer and heart
disease, alzheimers, all auto immune diseases, depression (B6).
*1How much training does the average doctor get in nutritional training? correct
answers The average doctor gets about 40 hours of nutritional training in the basic food
guide
*1Which main nutrients are likely to be less than even the RDA recommendations?
correct answers Intake of nutrients like iron, vitamin B6 & folic acid in women / vitamin E
& magnesium in men may be far lower than the RDA for these nutrients
*1What should the practice of preventative medicine consist of? correct answers It
should consist of both pharmaceutical & natural medicines. With services like crisis
