COMD 5070 Exam 1 Study Guide

COMD 5070 Exam 1 Study Guide 1. What are the four features of the scientific method? ️ Empirical ️ Deterministic ️ Predictive ️ Parsimonious 2. What does empirical mean? ️ Based on data (This indicates that findings are derived from observation or experiment rather than theory or pure logic.) 3. What does deterministic mean? ️ Obey physical laws (This means that the behavior of the system can be precisely predicted based on initial conditions and governing laws.) 4. What does predictive mean? ️ Show what will happen (This feature emphasizes that the method should be able to generate predictions that can be tested.) 5. What does parsimonious mean? ️ Use the simplest explanation possible (This principle advocates for simplicity in explanations until complexity is warranted.) 6. Why do SLPs use technology in clinical practices? ️ To overcome listener bias ️ To describe severity objectively ️ To demonstrate treatment efficacy (track progress) ️ To provide biofeedback 7. What is the difference between pitch perception and frequency measurement? ️ Pitch is subjective to the listener; frequency is objective and can be measured (Pitch perception can vary among individuals, while frequency corresponds to measurable physical properties.) 8. How do waveforms differ as frequency goes up or down? ️ Higher frequency wavelengths appear closer together with more cycles over a period of time than lower frequencies (This means that higher frequencies result in more oscillations within a fixed time frame.) 9. What is the difference between loudness perception and intensity measurement? ️ Loudness is subjective and cannot be measured; intensity is objective and can be measured by equipment (Loudness is how we perceive sound while intensity is a physical measure of sound power.) 10. What are the units of measurement for intensity? ️ HL (Hearing Level) ️ SPL (Sound Pressure Level) 11. What is difference limens? ️ The smallest detectable change (DL) (This refers to the smallest difference in a stimulus that can be detected.) 12. What is the difference limens for frequency? ️ DLs become larger as the frequency decreases (This means that changes in frequency are harder to perceive at lower frequencies.) 13. What is the difference limens for intensity? ️ DLs become larger as the intensity decreases (This means that at lower intensity levels, it becomes increasingly difficult to detect changes.) 14. How does a complex periodic sound change when the fundamental is removed or muted? ️ When removed, the timbre (quality) differs, but the pitch is perceived as the same (Removing the fundamental frequency can alter the quality of the sound without changing the perceived pitch.) 15. How many semitones are in one octave? ️ 12 16. What is a voice range profile (VPR)? ️ A visual representation of a person's amplitude and fundamental frequency range (This helps in understanding the voice capabilities of an individual.) 17. How is the VRP computed and what does it show? ️ X-axis represents the fundamental frequency range; y-axis represents the amplitude (This displays how a person's vocal pitch varies with loudness.) 18. What is the root mean square amplitude? ️ Refers to the square root of the mean of the squares of the values (This statistic is useful in measuring the average power of a sound signal.) 19. What is the inverse square law? ️ It states that intensity is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the source (This law explains how sound intensity diminishes as you move away from the source.) 20. How does intensity change with distance?