PSU BBH 101 FINAL EXAM
biomedical model - Answers -suggests that illness always has a biological cause
*only really focuses on pathogens and how people get sick
biobehavioral model - Answers -recognizes biological, psychological, and sociocultural
forces in determining an individuals health and vulnerability to disease
*a more "well rounded" view of health
hypothesis - Answers -an idea that someone has about something
theory - Answers -an idea that has been proven over and over
p-value - Answers -tells you the probability of obtaining your result if there really is no
relationship between the variables that you are testing (rules out likelihood of random
chance)
*p-vaules of LESS THAN 0.05 is generally accepted as a significant finding
prevalence - Answers -number of current cases of something
incidence - Answers -number of new cases of something
Case-study - Answers -A description of one patient
*useful for unique cases, but not really for finding out what causes a condition
*low explanatory capabilities
Cross-sectional study - Answers -Taken at "one point in time", and no follow up is given
*typically a survey
*you can see correlation, but not causation
Case control study - Answers -A group that has the thing you're studying for, and a
group that does not have the thing you're studying for
*uses odds ratio to measure results
odds ratio - Answers -tells how much more likely people with the exposure are to have
an outcome; a higher number equals a greater risk (compared to the group without the
exposure)
cohort study - Answers -no one in the study has the outcome you're looking for, but
some are exposed to what you believe to be a risk
*you can examine cause/effect from this!!!
T-cells - Answers -Recognize specific antigens and destroy cells infected by them
*made in the bone marrow, provoke an immune response
*they also regulate immune activity and keep the immune system from being too
stimulated (meaning it would attack itself yikes)
, Diastole - Answers -"relaxation" of the heart, when the chambers fill with blood
Systole - Answers -"contraction" of the heart, when the blood is squeezed to it's next
destination
Blood pressure= - Answers -systolic pressure/diastolic pressure
Genotype - Answers -a persons genetic makeup, what you'd get if you read someones
DNA
Phenotype - Answers -traits a person physically expresses, can be measured in
someway
Why do we statisically control for variables? - Answers -It removes the influence of the
"confounding variable", thus allowing experimenters to examine the relationship just
between the exposure and outcome
Primary prevention - Answers -efforts that are made to stop someone from getting the
disease to begin with
Secondary prevention - Answers -Focused on people who are sick, but don't know it yet
(mainly screening)
Tertiary prevention - Answers -prevention that's done once the person is sick
(medications and treatment)
Health Belief Model - Answers -MAIN IDEA: does the person believe they're
susceptible, how threatening do they believe the disease is
*involved perceived benefit, risk, and barriers as well as "cues to action"
Theory of Planned Behavior - Answers -MAIN IDEA: does the person have the plan to
change?
*based off of what the persons attitude is towards the change, and if they think they can
do it or not
*about perceived control and suggested norms
Transtheoretical Model - Answers -Based off of the thinking process one goes through
as they're trying to make a change
*involves precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, and in
some cases relapse
Stress Physiology...how does it go? - Answers -1. Sympathetic nervous system
2. HPA axis
3. Immune system
biomedical model - Answers -suggests that illness always has a biological cause
*only really focuses on pathogens and how people get sick
biobehavioral model - Answers -recognizes biological, psychological, and sociocultural
forces in determining an individuals health and vulnerability to disease
*a more "well rounded" view of health
hypothesis - Answers -an idea that someone has about something
theory - Answers -an idea that has been proven over and over
p-value - Answers -tells you the probability of obtaining your result if there really is no
relationship between the variables that you are testing (rules out likelihood of random
chance)
*p-vaules of LESS THAN 0.05 is generally accepted as a significant finding
prevalence - Answers -number of current cases of something
incidence - Answers -number of new cases of something
Case-study - Answers -A description of one patient
*useful for unique cases, but not really for finding out what causes a condition
*low explanatory capabilities
Cross-sectional study - Answers -Taken at "one point in time", and no follow up is given
*typically a survey
*you can see correlation, but not causation
Case control study - Answers -A group that has the thing you're studying for, and a
group that does not have the thing you're studying for
*uses odds ratio to measure results
odds ratio - Answers -tells how much more likely people with the exposure are to have
an outcome; a higher number equals a greater risk (compared to the group without the
exposure)
cohort study - Answers -no one in the study has the outcome you're looking for, but
some are exposed to what you believe to be a risk
*you can examine cause/effect from this!!!
T-cells - Answers -Recognize specific antigens and destroy cells infected by them
*made in the bone marrow, provoke an immune response
*they also regulate immune activity and keep the immune system from being too
stimulated (meaning it would attack itself yikes)
, Diastole - Answers -"relaxation" of the heart, when the chambers fill with blood
Systole - Answers -"contraction" of the heart, when the blood is squeezed to it's next
destination
Blood pressure= - Answers -systolic pressure/diastolic pressure
Genotype - Answers -a persons genetic makeup, what you'd get if you read someones
DNA
Phenotype - Answers -traits a person physically expresses, can be measured in
someway
Why do we statisically control for variables? - Answers -It removes the influence of the
"confounding variable", thus allowing experimenters to examine the relationship just
between the exposure and outcome
Primary prevention - Answers -efforts that are made to stop someone from getting the
disease to begin with
Secondary prevention - Answers -Focused on people who are sick, but don't know it yet
(mainly screening)
Tertiary prevention - Answers -prevention that's done once the person is sick
(medications and treatment)
Health Belief Model - Answers -MAIN IDEA: does the person believe they're
susceptible, how threatening do they believe the disease is
*involved perceived benefit, risk, and barriers as well as "cues to action"
Theory of Planned Behavior - Answers -MAIN IDEA: does the person have the plan to
change?
*based off of what the persons attitude is towards the change, and if they think they can
do it or not
*about perceived control and suggested norms
Transtheoretical Model - Answers -Based off of the thinking process one goes through
as they're trying to make a change
*involves precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, and in
some cases relapse
Stress Physiology...how does it go? - Answers -1. Sympathetic nervous system
2. HPA axis
3. Immune system
