BSNC 5000 Peds Midterm Exam
Questions with Correct Answers
What causes bronchiolitis - Answer-infection by RSV
Risk factors for bronchiolitis - Answer--children not breast fed
-premature born babies
-neuromuscular disorders (cant clear airways as easily)
-significant pulmonary disease
Common causes of bronchiolitis - Answer-RSV, mycoplasms, parainfulenza,
adenoviruses
What type of issue is caused by lower airway infections? - Answer-airway trapping with
prolonged expiration
-wheezes from bronchospasm, mucosal inflamm, edema
Presentation of lower airway infection in child - Answer-inc resp effort, inc RR, wheezing
What does bronchiolitis produce - Answer-inflammatory obstruction of SMALL airways
and necrosis of cells lining lower airways
Most common time of bronchiolitis occuring - Answer-first 2yrs
-peak incidence in first 3-6mo of age
Bronchiolitis symptoms - Answer--gradual resp distress (wheezy cough, dyspnea,
irritability)
-can take air IN, trouble EXPIRING air (due to trapping)
-hypoxia / hypercapnia (severe cases)
-breathlessness, rapid resps
-sternal and lower rib retractions
-wheezes / crackles may be present
When is most critical phase of bronchiolitis - Answer-first 48-72 hrs
S+S of impending resp failure - Answer--cyanosis
-pallor
-listlessness
-sudden diminishing absent breath sounds
-HR of 150bpm or >
-bradycardia
,-depressed breathing
-retractions
-fatigue / anxiety
Phases of lytic cycle (where cell takes over and reporduces new phages, thus
destroying cells) - Answer-attachment
penetration
biosynthesis
maturation
lysis
Attachment phase of lytic cycle - Answer-phage interacts w specific bacterial surface
receptors
Penetration phase of lytic cycle - Answer-viral DNA enters host cell
Biosynthesis phase of lytic cycle - Answer-production of phage DNA and proteins
-hijacks host to replicate, transcribe and translate viral components for new viruses
assembly
Maturation phase of lytic cycle - Answer-assembly of phage particles
Lysis phase of lytic cycle - Answer--Viruses are released from the host cell, killing the
host cell by bursting its membrane
Barriers to FCC - Answer--support for practices
-understanding FCC
-research for the benefits
principles of atraumatic care - Answer--prevent childs seperation from fam
-promotes sense of control
-prevents / minimizes bodily injury and pain
Which nursing interventions do NOT demonstrate atraumatic care of pt
A) asking parents to leave to minimize their discomfort
b) reassuring your pt the needle will feel like a mosquito bite
c) sharing about your fav movie to distract child
d) pretending penlight is magic wand when you examine their pupils
e) raising bed during assessment to put pt at eye level - Answer-A,B,C dont
demonstrate atraumatic care
what is most common type of child maltreatment - Answer-neglect
Risks assosiated w child maltreatment - Answer-•Single parenthood
•Young maternal age
•Presence of a non-biological caregiver
, •Low income and recipient of welfare assistance
•Social isolation
•Low levels of social support
•Neighbourhood poverty
When does anterior fontanelle close for infant - Answer-12-18 mo
what does bulging fontanelle mean? - Answer--dehydration (intravasc losses)
-intracranial bleeding
What are main neurological differences btn infant and adult - Answer--thinner cranial
bones
-cranial sutures dont fuse til adult
-hearing ranges
-BBB is not fully developed !!!
-unable to control their head
what are main HEENT differences btn infant and adult - Answer--smaller airways
-bb's = nose breathers til 4-6mo
-lrger tongue and smaller oral cavity
-trachea is more cartilaginous and soft
-tonsils may be enlarged
-larynx is higher and more anterior
-short trachea
what does the main differences of HEENT in infants vs adult mean? - Answer--greater
risk of airway obstruction
-nose breather = nares must be patent
-tongue is more likely to obstruct airway
-trachea nature (being shorter) is succeptible to collapse and be obstructed
-endotracheal tube can be hard to insert due to enlarged tonsils
-intubation can be harder due to larynx position and epiglottis
what are the main cardiovasc differences btn infants and adults - Answer--higher
metabolic rate
-higher HR
-Blood vol is larger, but absolute vol is smaller
-smaller vessels, lrg heart compared to small body
-under 6mo SV cannot be adjusted (everything is dependent on inc HR)
-minimal # of myocytes
-drop in urine output = issues w heart
what does main cardiovasc differences for infants vs adults mean - Answer--leads to
rapid desat
-blood loss is very closely monitored
Questions with Correct Answers
What causes bronchiolitis - Answer-infection by RSV
Risk factors for bronchiolitis - Answer--children not breast fed
-premature born babies
-neuromuscular disorders (cant clear airways as easily)
-significant pulmonary disease
Common causes of bronchiolitis - Answer-RSV, mycoplasms, parainfulenza,
adenoviruses
What type of issue is caused by lower airway infections? - Answer-airway trapping with
prolonged expiration
-wheezes from bronchospasm, mucosal inflamm, edema
Presentation of lower airway infection in child - Answer-inc resp effort, inc RR, wheezing
What does bronchiolitis produce - Answer-inflammatory obstruction of SMALL airways
and necrosis of cells lining lower airways
Most common time of bronchiolitis occuring - Answer-first 2yrs
-peak incidence in first 3-6mo of age
Bronchiolitis symptoms - Answer--gradual resp distress (wheezy cough, dyspnea,
irritability)
-can take air IN, trouble EXPIRING air (due to trapping)
-hypoxia / hypercapnia (severe cases)
-breathlessness, rapid resps
-sternal and lower rib retractions
-wheezes / crackles may be present
When is most critical phase of bronchiolitis - Answer-first 48-72 hrs
S+S of impending resp failure - Answer--cyanosis
-pallor
-listlessness
-sudden diminishing absent breath sounds
-HR of 150bpm or >
-bradycardia
,-depressed breathing
-retractions
-fatigue / anxiety
Phases of lytic cycle (where cell takes over and reporduces new phages, thus
destroying cells) - Answer-attachment
penetration
biosynthesis
maturation
lysis
Attachment phase of lytic cycle - Answer-phage interacts w specific bacterial surface
receptors
Penetration phase of lytic cycle - Answer-viral DNA enters host cell
Biosynthesis phase of lytic cycle - Answer-production of phage DNA and proteins
-hijacks host to replicate, transcribe and translate viral components for new viruses
assembly
Maturation phase of lytic cycle - Answer-assembly of phage particles
Lysis phase of lytic cycle - Answer--Viruses are released from the host cell, killing the
host cell by bursting its membrane
Barriers to FCC - Answer--support for practices
-understanding FCC
-research for the benefits
principles of atraumatic care - Answer--prevent childs seperation from fam
-promotes sense of control
-prevents / minimizes bodily injury and pain
Which nursing interventions do NOT demonstrate atraumatic care of pt
A) asking parents to leave to minimize their discomfort
b) reassuring your pt the needle will feel like a mosquito bite
c) sharing about your fav movie to distract child
d) pretending penlight is magic wand when you examine their pupils
e) raising bed during assessment to put pt at eye level - Answer-A,B,C dont
demonstrate atraumatic care
what is most common type of child maltreatment - Answer-neglect
Risks assosiated w child maltreatment - Answer-•Single parenthood
•Young maternal age
•Presence of a non-biological caregiver
, •Low income and recipient of welfare assistance
•Social isolation
•Low levels of social support
•Neighbourhood poverty
When does anterior fontanelle close for infant - Answer-12-18 mo
what does bulging fontanelle mean? - Answer--dehydration (intravasc losses)
-intracranial bleeding
What are main neurological differences btn infant and adult - Answer--thinner cranial
bones
-cranial sutures dont fuse til adult
-hearing ranges
-BBB is not fully developed !!!
-unable to control their head
what are main HEENT differences btn infant and adult - Answer--smaller airways
-bb's = nose breathers til 4-6mo
-lrger tongue and smaller oral cavity
-trachea is more cartilaginous and soft
-tonsils may be enlarged
-larynx is higher and more anterior
-short trachea
what does the main differences of HEENT in infants vs adult mean? - Answer--greater
risk of airway obstruction
-nose breather = nares must be patent
-tongue is more likely to obstruct airway
-trachea nature (being shorter) is succeptible to collapse and be obstructed
-endotracheal tube can be hard to insert due to enlarged tonsils
-intubation can be harder due to larynx position and epiglottis
what are the main cardiovasc differences btn infants and adults - Answer--higher
metabolic rate
-higher HR
-Blood vol is larger, but absolute vol is smaller
-smaller vessels, lrg heart compared to small body
-under 6mo SV cannot be adjusted (everything is dependent on inc HR)
-minimal # of myocytes
-drop in urine output = issues w heart
what does main cardiovasc differences for infants vs adults mean - Answer--leads to
rapid desat
-blood loss is very closely monitored
