BSNC 5000 FINAL TEST QUESTIONS
WITH ANSWERS
Effect of insulin insufficiency in cells? - Answer--can't get glucose in the cell
-enter a fasting state
-move to use triglycerides into fatty acids to produce ATP
-breakdown of proteins in amino acids to generate ATP
-increases the production of ketones as a by-product of fatty acid oxidation
-Glucose is available but starving, brain can use either glucose or ketone bodies
-Muscle can't use ketone bodies for very long
-Liver requires glucose- it can't use ketone bodies
-glucagon is released by alpha cells- liver will convert glycogen to glucose
Effect of insulin insufficiency on blood? - Answer--Hyperglycemia: high sugar levels
-Glucosuria: dehydration
-Dehydration=hypovolemia= impaired perfusion= anaerobic oxidation
-lactic acid production- metabolic acidosis
-ketone bodies due to fatty acid oxidation
-pH is dropping
-k+ will move into the blood as H+ move into the cells
Effects of high glucose on the body: - Answer--would healing impaired
-Kidney damage and kidney failure
-high glucose= more bacterial and fungal infections
-damages epithelia lining (endothelium)
Why does TDM1 get overlooked? - Answer--UTI
-Growing child
-Irritability
-Flu
-Being just tired
-Hot weather (increased thirst)
Diagnose TDM1 - Answer--ketones in urine
-Blood test for blood glucose levels
How does FASD impact cerebellum functioning? - Answer--Reduced size of the
cerebellum affects balance, gait, coordination, cognition
How does ADHD impact the functioning of the pre-frontal cortex? - Answer--Difficulty
planning, initiating, and realising actions or correcting errors
-Easily distracted
, -Unable to be flexible when things change
How does ADHD impact the functioning of the basal ganglia? - Answer--Poor impulse
control
How does ADHD impact the functioning of the corpus callosum? - Answer-Poor
communication between hemispheres of the brain
How does ADHD impact the functioning of the anterior cingulate gyrus? - Answer-Poor
management of emotions
How does ASD impact the functioning of the cerebral cortex? - Answer--Atypical cortical
folding
-Unable to be flexible when things change
-Delayed language development leading to poor social communication
How does ASD impact the functioning of the corpus callosum ? - Answer--Poor
communication between hemispheres of the brain
How does ASD impact the functioning of the hippocampus? - Answer--Unusual effects
on memory: poor recall of autobiographical events
-Inability to make decisions based on past experience
How does ASD impact the functioning of the amygdala? - Answer-Difficulty recognizing
facial expressions
Is a child's brain a mini replica of an adult's brain? - Answer--No: brain development in
humans occurs stage-wise in correlation with Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development
What are neurodevelopmental disabilities? - Answer--A group of disorders in which the
development of the CNS is disturbed
-Developmental brain dysfunction
-Diseases with genetic causes as well as conditions resulting from pre or postnatal
insults
-Many of these are poorly understood and gene defects are often unknown
What are some causes of NDD? - Answer--Genetics/Physiological
-Enviro/family
-Combination
What are the affects of NDD? - Answer--Intellect
-Language and speech
-Motor skills
-Behaviour
-Memory
-Learning
WITH ANSWERS
Effect of insulin insufficiency in cells? - Answer--can't get glucose in the cell
-enter a fasting state
-move to use triglycerides into fatty acids to produce ATP
-breakdown of proteins in amino acids to generate ATP
-increases the production of ketones as a by-product of fatty acid oxidation
-Glucose is available but starving, brain can use either glucose or ketone bodies
-Muscle can't use ketone bodies for very long
-Liver requires glucose- it can't use ketone bodies
-glucagon is released by alpha cells- liver will convert glycogen to glucose
Effect of insulin insufficiency on blood? - Answer--Hyperglycemia: high sugar levels
-Glucosuria: dehydration
-Dehydration=hypovolemia= impaired perfusion= anaerobic oxidation
-lactic acid production- metabolic acidosis
-ketone bodies due to fatty acid oxidation
-pH is dropping
-k+ will move into the blood as H+ move into the cells
Effects of high glucose on the body: - Answer--would healing impaired
-Kidney damage and kidney failure
-high glucose= more bacterial and fungal infections
-damages epithelia lining (endothelium)
Why does TDM1 get overlooked? - Answer--UTI
-Growing child
-Irritability
-Flu
-Being just tired
-Hot weather (increased thirst)
Diagnose TDM1 - Answer--ketones in urine
-Blood test for blood glucose levels
How does FASD impact cerebellum functioning? - Answer--Reduced size of the
cerebellum affects balance, gait, coordination, cognition
How does ADHD impact the functioning of the pre-frontal cortex? - Answer--Difficulty
planning, initiating, and realising actions or correcting errors
-Easily distracted
, -Unable to be flexible when things change
How does ADHD impact the functioning of the basal ganglia? - Answer--Poor impulse
control
How does ADHD impact the functioning of the corpus callosum? - Answer-Poor
communication between hemispheres of the brain
How does ADHD impact the functioning of the anterior cingulate gyrus? - Answer-Poor
management of emotions
How does ASD impact the functioning of the cerebral cortex? - Answer--Atypical cortical
folding
-Unable to be flexible when things change
-Delayed language development leading to poor social communication
How does ASD impact the functioning of the corpus callosum ? - Answer--Poor
communication between hemispheres of the brain
How does ASD impact the functioning of the hippocampus? - Answer--Unusual effects
on memory: poor recall of autobiographical events
-Inability to make decisions based on past experience
How does ASD impact the functioning of the amygdala? - Answer-Difficulty recognizing
facial expressions
Is a child's brain a mini replica of an adult's brain? - Answer--No: brain development in
humans occurs stage-wise in correlation with Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development
What are neurodevelopmental disabilities? - Answer--A group of disorders in which the
development of the CNS is disturbed
-Developmental brain dysfunction
-Diseases with genetic causes as well as conditions resulting from pre or postnatal
insults
-Many of these are poorly understood and gene defects are often unknown
What are some causes of NDD? - Answer--Genetics/Physiological
-Enviro/family
-Combination
What are the affects of NDD? - Answer--Intellect
-Language and speech
-Motor skills
-Behaviour
-Memory
-Learning
