Pathophysiology: Acid-Base Imbalance Study Guide With Complete Solution!! #4 *Acid-Base Imbalance*

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: ACID-BASE IMBALANCE STUDY GUIDE
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION!!
#4 *ACID-BASE IMBALANCE*
Volatile acids


Answers :carbonic acid (H2CO3)
Nonvolatile Acids


Answers :Strong acids from the metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats
Buffers


Answers :Any molecule accepting H+
1. Bicarbonate ion (HCO3-)
2. Hemoglobin (Hb)
3. Plasma proteins
4. Phosphate (PO4-)
Systems that regulate acid-base balance: *Lungs* (3)


Answers :1. Regulation of *retention or elimination of CO2*


2. Low plasma pH stimulates *increased rate of respiration* (and visa versa)


3. Affects pH of blood within *15 minutes to several hours*
Systems that regulate acid-base balance: *Kidneys* (2)

, Answers :1. Distal tubule regulates acid-base balance by *secreting (excreting) H+
and regenerating (retaining) HCO3-*


2. Affects pH of blood within *24-48 hours*
What does each system compensate for in pH alteration? (Renal compensates
for_____. Respiratory compensates for ____.)


Answers :1. Renal compensates for respiratory acidosis or alkalosis
2. Respiratory compensates for metabolic acidosis or alkalosis
*Metabolic Acidosis*: Causes (4)


Answers :1. Renal failure (failure to secrete H+)


2. Excessive lactic acid production


3. Excessive ketone production


4. Diarrhea (loss of bicarbonate)
Pathophysiology of *Metabolic Acidosis*




Answers :1. With severe acidosis, buffers get saturated