ARE 5.0 ALL DIVISIONS (CIVIL ENGINEERING) QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS ELABORATIONS!!
GANTT CHART
Answers :Horizontal bars representing duration of tasks
CRITICAL PATH METHOD (CPM)
Answers :Analysis of tasks (order and relationships) that generates the most likely
overall duration for project completion.
Sequence of activities that determines the least amount of time for a project to be
completed / determined by the path requiring the most time to complete.
Tasks not on the critical path are called floats; delays with their execution don't
necessarily affect project timeline.
CONSTRUCTION TYPES I-V
Answers :IBC Systems of Building Construction, differentiated by relative fire
resistance.
I: Fire Resistive: concrete and steel
II: Concrete and steel, but roof is combustible
III: Masonry bearing walls, but roof/floor/framework is combustible
IV: Masonry bearing walls, heavy timber frame interior
V: Wood
FIXED FEE vs. COST PLUS FEE
Answers :Fixed Fee: best for well-defined scope, esp. with design/bid/build
,Cost Plus Fee: best when scope is not fully known, esp. with design build
*GMP: max. fee (used with cost plus fee) that limits the owner's risk
SURETY BONDS (Define and List 2 Types)
Answers :Typically used with publicly financed or very large projects. Protects an
owner from the risk of default.
For a fixed fee, a 3rd party (surety) promises to complete contractual obligations of
contractor if they fail to do so.
PERFORMANCE BOND: assures completion of project
PAYMENT BOND: assures payment to suppliers and subs
SEQUENTIAL CONSTRUCTION vs. FAST TRACK/PHASED
Answers :Phased construction overlaps phases for faster construction timeline.
NET ZERO ENERGY BUILDING
Answers :Zero net energy consumption and zero carbon emissions annually.
ENERGY-PLUS: buildings that produce a surplus of energy over a year
NEAR-ZERO: consume slightly more energy than they produce.
EMBODIED ENERGY
Answers :Energy consumed by all of the processes associated with the production
of a building, from the mining and processing of natural resources to
manufacturing, transport and product delivery.
BUILDINGS LOADS
,Answers :DEAD: All permanent components
LIVE: Non-permanent components (people, furniture, movable equipment)
RAIN/SNOW
WIND
SEISMIC
LATERAL SOIL PRESSURES: horizontal pressures of earth and groundwater
against basement walls
BUOYANT UPLIFT: from underground water, similar to that which causes a boat
to float
FLOOD LOADS: lateral forces in areas prone to flooding
SETTLEMENT
Answers :All foundations settle to some extent, as the earth compresses and
adjusts to the loads imposed by the building above. Settlement must not exceed
amounts that would cause structural distress, damage nonstructural components, or
interfere with building functions.
UNIFORM SETTLEMENT: usually easily controlled and of little consequence to
building
DIFFERENTIAL SETTLEMENT: occurs when soil types, building loads, or
structural systems vary throughout a building. Can lead to distortion of building
frame, sloped floors, cracked walls and glass, or inoperable windows and doors.
CONSOLIDATED ROCK/BEDROCK
Answers :Dense, continuous mass. Can only be removed by drilling, fracturing or
blasting. Strongest and most stable material to build on.
, UNIFIED SOIL CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM:
BOULDERS
COBBLES
Course Grained Soils:
GRAVEL
SAND
Fine Grained Soils:
SILT
CLAY
Answers :BOULDERS: takes two hands to lift; <12" DIA
COBBLES: takes one hand to lift; 3"<DIA>12"
Course Grained Soils:
GRAVEL: can easily lift one particle at a time .187"<DIA>3"
SAND: individual particles are large enough to be seen, but too small to be picked
up individually; .003"<DIA>.187"
Fine Grained Soils:
SILT: particles too small to be seen;
not sticky when wet and have little or no cohesiveness when dry; <.003" DIA,
roughly spherical in shape
CLAY: particles too small to be seen;
putty-like when wet and hard when dry; <.003" DIA, though typically at least 10x
smaller; typically flat in shape
AND ANSWERS ELABORATIONS!!
GANTT CHART
Answers :Horizontal bars representing duration of tasks
CRITICAL PATH METHOD (CPM)
Answers :Analysis of tasks (order and relationships) that generates the most likely
overall duration for project completion.
Sequence of activities that determines the least amount of time for a project to be
completed / determined by the path requiring the most time to complete.
Tasks not on the critical path are called floats; delays with their execution don't
necessarily affect project timeline.
CONSTRUCTION TYPES I-V
Answers :IBC Systems of Building Construction, differentiated by relative fire
resistance.
I: Fire Resistive: concrete and steel
II: Concrete and steel, but roof is combustible
III: Masonry bearing walls, but roof/floor/framework is combustible
IV: Masonry bearing walls, heavy timber frame interior
V: Wood
FIXED FEE vs. COST PLUS FEE
Answers :Fixed Fee: best for well-defined scope, esp. with design/bid/build
,Cost Plus Fee: best when scope is not fully known, esp. with design build
*GMP: max. fee (used with cost plus fee) that limits the owner's risk
SURETY BONDS (Define and List 2 Types)
Answers :Typically used with publicly financed or very large projects. Protects an
owner from the risk of default.
For a fixed fee, a 3rd party (surety) promises to complete contractual obligations of
contractor if they fail to do so.
PERFORMANCE BOND: assures completion of project
PAYMENT BOND: assures payment to suppliers and subs
SEQUENTIAL CONSTRUCTION vs. FAST TRACK/PHASED
Answers :Phased construction overlaps phases for faster construction timeline.
NET ZERO ENERGY BUILDING
Answers :Zero net energy consumption and zero carbon emissions annually.
ENERGY-PLUS: buildings that produce a surplus of energy over a year
NEAR-ZERO: consume slightly more energy than they produce.
EMBODIED ENERGY
Answers :Energy consumed by all of the processes associated with the production
of a building, from the mining and processing of natural resources to
manufacturing, transport and product delivery.
BUILDINGS LOADS
,Answers :DEAD: All permanent components
LIVE: Non-permanent components (people, furniture, movable equipment)
RAIN/SNOW
WIND
SEISMIC
LATERAL SOIL PRESSURES: horizontal pressures of earth and groundwater
against basement walls
BUOYANT UPLIFT: from underground water, similar to that which causes a boat
to float
FLOOD LOADS: lateral forces in areas prone to flooding
SETTLEMENT
Answers :All foundations settle to some extent, as the earth compresses and
adjusts to the loads imposed by the building above. Settlement must not exceed
amounts that would cause structural distress, damage nonstructural components, or
interfere with building functions.
UNIFORM SETTLEMENT: usually easily controlled and of little consequence to
building
DIFFERENTIAL SETTLEMENT: occurs when soil types, building loads, or
structural systems vary throughout a building. Can lead to distortion of building
frame, sloped floors, cracked walls and glass, or inoperable windows and doors.
CONSOLIDATED ROCK/BEDROCK
Answers :Dense, continuous mass. Can only be removed by drilling, fracturing or
blasting. Strongest and most stable material to build on.
, UNIFIED SOIL CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM:
BOULDERS
COBBLES
Course Grained Soils:
GRAVEL
SAND
Fine Grained Soils:
SILT
CLAY
Answers :BOULDERS: takes two hands to lift; <12" DIA
COBBLES: takes one hand to lift; 3"<DIA>12"
Course Grained Soils:
GRAVEL: can easily lift one particle at a time .187"<DIA>3"
SAND: individual particles are large enough to be seen, but too small to be picked
up individually; .003"<DIA>.187"
Fine Grained Soils:
SILT: particles too small to be seen;
not sticky when wet and have little or no cohesiveness when dry; <.003" DIA,
roughly spherical in shape
CLAY: particles too small to be seen;
putty-like when wet and hard when dry; <.003" DIA, though typically at least 10x
smaller; typically flat in shape
