Psyc 230 - UIUC Exam 1 Exam Questions
|Already Answered | Graded A+
object agnosia - ANSWER-Inability to recognize objects using only vision.
top-down processing - ANSWER-a process whereby our existing knowledge of objects influences how we
perceive them
bottom-up processing - ANSWER-a process whereby physical stimuli influence how we perceive them
recognition - ANSWER-the ability to match a presented item with an item in memory
representation - ANSWER-the storage and/or reconstruction of information in memory when that
information is not in use
perceptual organization - ANSWER-the process by which multiple objects in the environment are
grouped, allowing us to identify multiple objects in complex scenes
grouping - ANSWER-the process by which elements in a figure are brought together into a common unit
or object
Segregation - ANSWER-the process of distinguishing two objects as being distinct or discrete
figure-ground organization - ANSWER-the experience viewers have as to which part of an image is in
front and which part of an image is in the background of a particular scene
Gestalt Psychology - ANSWER-In terms of vision, gestalt argues that what we see is greater than its
individual parts. That is, the process of perception are designed to see the scene rather that bits of light
here and there. Stimuli were sufficiently rich in structure to allow the perceptual system to extract
meaning directly from the stimuli rather than building it up from an image of thought. The whole is
different from the sum of its parts.
,How symmetry and convexity affect figure-ground organization - ANSWER-Symmetry:
images that are more likely to be seen as figure and therefore in the foreground, whereas less
symmetrical images are more likely to be perceived as background
Convexity:
Images with convex borders are more likely to be seen as figure, whereas those with concave borders
are more likely to be seen as ground. (stevens and brookes 1988)
law of good continuation - ANSWER-grouping law stating that edges that are smooth are more likely to
be seen as continuous than edges that have abrupt or sharp angles
law of proximity - ANSWER-grouping law stating that elements that are close together tend to be
perceived as a unified group
law of similarity - ANSWER-grouping law stating that elements that are similar to one another tend to be
perceived as a unified group
Law of Symmetry - ANSWER-grouping law stating that elements that are symmetrical to each other tend
be be perceived as a unified group
perceptual interpolation - ANSWER-the process by which the visual system fills in hidden edges and
surfaces in order to represent the entirety of a partially visible object
edge completion - ANSWER-the perception of a physically absent but inferred edge, allowing us to
complete the perception of a partially hidden object
illusory contours - ANSWER-perceptual edges that exist because of edge completion but are not actually
physically present
recognition by components - ANSWER-a theory stating that object recognition occurs by representing
each object as a combination of basic units (geons) that make up that object; we recognize an object by
the relation of its geons
Geons - ANSWER-the basic units of objects, consisting of simple shapes such as cylinders and pyramids
, viewpoint invariance - ANSWER-the perception that an object does not change when an observer sees
the object from a new vantage point
template theories - ANSWER-theories of pattern recognition which assert that there is a mental
representation for each of the patterns to be recognized
Area V4 - ANSWER-an area of the brain involved in both color vision and shape perception
inferotemporal area - ANSWER-the area of the temporal lobe involved in object perception; it receives
input from V4 and other areas in the occipital lobe
fusiform face area - ANSWER-an area in the inferotemporal area of the temporal lobe that specializes in
recognizing familiar faces; located in the ventral surface of the temporal lobe
occipital face area - ANSWER-an area of the brain in the occipital lobe, associated with recognizing faces
as distinct from other objects; located in the extrastriate cortex and is strongly connected to the FFA
Prosopagnosia - ANSWER-inability to recognize faces but other forms of visual object recognition are
relatively intact. For example, a person with prosopagnosia will have difficulty recognizing particular
people but will not have difficulty identifying roses or gloves.
Grill-Spector experiment - ANSWER-examined the role of the FFA in face recognition using functional
magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technology. participants briefly saw Harrison Ford's face followed by
a mask, or a control stimulus followed by a mask (a). In (b), we can see the activity in the FFA when the
participant recognized the photo as Harrison Ford and when the participant did not. Note that the
highest response in the FFA is for correct recognition.
parahippocampal place area (PPA) - ANSWER-an area within the inferotemporal cortex that appears to
have the specific function of scene recognition; tuned for recognition of spatial landscapes, both indoor
and outdoor scenes
topographic agnosia - ANSWER-a deficit in recognizing spatial landscapes, related to damage to the
parahippocampal place area
|Already Answered | Graded A+
object agnosia - ANSWER-Inability to recognize objects using only vision.
top-down processing - ANSWER-a process whereby our existing knowledge of objects influences how we
perceive them
bottom-up processing - ANSWER-a process whereby physical stimuli influence how we perceive them
recognition - ANSWER-the ability to match a presented item with an item in memory
representation - ANSWER-the storage and/or reconstruction of information in memory when that
information is not in use
perceptual organization - ANSWER-the process by which multiple objects in the environment are
grouped, allowing us to identify multiple objects in complex scenes
grouping - ANSWER-the process by which elements in a figure are brought together into a common unit
or object
Segregation - ANSWER-the process of distinguishing two objects as being distinct or discrete
figure-ground organization - ANSWER-the experience viewers have as to which part of an image is in
front and which part of an image is in the background of a particular scene
Gestalt Psychology - ANSWER-In terms of vision, gestalt argues that what we see is greater than its
individual parts. That is, the process of perception are designed to see the scene rather that bits of light
here and there. Stimuli were sufficiently rich in structure to allow the perceptual system to extract
meaning directly from the stimuli rather than building it up from an image of thought. The whole is
different from the sum of its parts.
,How symmetry and convexity affect figure-ground organization - ANSWER-Symmetry:
images that are more likely to be seen as figure and therefore in the foreground, whereas less
symmetrical images are more likely to be perceived as background
Convexity:
Images with convex borders are more likely to be seen as figure, whereas those with concave borders
are more likely to be seen as ground. (stevens and brookes 1988)
law of good continuation - ANSWER-grouping law stating that edges that are smooth are more likely to
be seen as continuous than edges that have abrupt or sharp angles
law of proximity - ANSWER-grouping law stating that elements that are close together tend to be
perceived as a unified group
law of similarity - ANSWER-grouping law stating that elements that are similar to one another tend to be
perceived as a unified group
Law of Symmetry - ANSWER-grouping law stating that elements that are symmetrical to each other tend
be be perceived as a unified group
perceptual interpolation - ANSWER-the process by which the visual system fills in hidden edges and
surfaces in order to represent the entirety of a partially visible object
edge completion - ANSWER-the perception of a physically absent but inferred edge, allowing us to
complete the perception of a partially hidden object
illusory contours - ANSWER-perceptual edges that exist because of edge completion but are not actually
physically present
recognition by components - ANSWER-a theory stating that object recognition occurs by representing
each object as a combination of basic units (geons) that make up that object; we recognize an object by
the relation of its geons
Geons - ANSWER-the basic units of objects, consisting of simple shapes such as cylinders and pyramids
, viewpoint invariance - ANSWER-the perception that an object does not change when an observer sees
the object from a new vantage point
template theories - ANSWER-theories of pattern recognition which assert that there is a mental
representation for each of the patterns to be recognized
Area V4 - ANSWER-an area of the brain involved in both color vision and shape perception
inferotemporal area - ANSWER-the area of the temporal lobe involved in object perception; it receives
input from V4 and other areas in the occipital lobe
fusiform face area - ANSWER-an area in the inferotemporal area of the temporal lobe that specializes in
recognizing familiar faces; located in the ventral surface of the temporal lobe
occipital face area - ANSWER-an area of the brain in the occipital lobe, associated with recognizing faces
as distinct from other objects; located in the extrastriate cortex and is strongly connected to the FFA
Prosopagnosia - ANSWER-inability to recognize faces but other forms of visual object recognition are
relatively intact. For example, a person with prosopagnosia will have difficulty recognizing particular
people but will not have difficulty identifying roses or gloves.
Grill-Spector experiment - ANSWER-examined the role of the FFA in face recognition using functional
magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technology. participants briefly saw Harrison Ford's face followed by
a mask, or a control stimulus followed by a mask (a). In (b), we can see the activity in the FFA when the
participant recognized the photo as Harrison Ford and when the participant did not. Note that the
highest response in the FFA is for correct recognition.
parahippocampal place area (PPA) - ANSWER-an area within the inferotemporal cortex that appears to
have the specific function of scene recognition; tuned for recognition of spatial landscapes, both indoor
and outdoor scenes
topographic agnosia - ANSWER-a deficit in recognizing spatial landscapes, related to damage to the
parahippocampal place area
